What are the Main Criticisms of Realist Literature review

What are the Main Criticisms of Realist - Literature survey Example Global relations allude to the political, and at times monetary, relations between states. Authenticity is a way to deal with the administration of universal relations whereby chiefs embrace a functional instead of an ethical perspective on issues. Basically, authenticity banishes that we see 'the world as it truly is as opposed to how we might want it to be' (Baylis and Smith, 1997:3). Pragmatists have a to some degree Hobbesian perspective on mankind and states, on-screen characters are accepted to act naturally intrigued and, so as to keep up the level of influence, regularly should be constrained into consistence by war, which is viewed as a vital side-effect of rivalry. Despite the fact that authenticity is a predominant philosophy in numerous Western nations including the United States, it is been dependent upon various reactions, as they are the essential focal point of this exposition it is to these reactions that we currently turn. Certain inside authenticity is a lot of key standards, these standards structure the premise of pragmatist thoughts, yet, likewise create overwhelming analysis. Pragmatists dismiss ideas of long haul collaboration with or devotion to contending states (Baylis and Smith, 1997:141-146).â The 'everything except for arms' drive created in the district guarantees that the universes least fortunate nations are allowed to send out the entirety of their merchandise (other than arms) into Europe for nothing out of pocket (Stiglitz, 2004:246). In the event that it were as pragmatists recommend, all countries are self-intrigued utility maximizers then this kind of collaboration would be profoundly improbable. It would most likely bode well for the European Union to fare to these more unfortunate countries however to leave their own business sectors shut to remote materials or to order a charge for permitting access which would ordinarily be the situation. Projects like this one are veritable endeavors by the universal network to locate a reasonable answer for the issues of the third world, suggesting that not all states demonstration in personal circumstance and all are equipped for participation. Further, participation and long haul coalitions are conceivable. It additionall y proposes that as constructivists have contended, it is simply the express that characterizes 'rebellion' and it is in no way, shape or form a fixed component of states, rather a socially built perfect that just gets by in states that work under pragmatist protection (Bayliss and Smith, 1997:141-161). Â

IMF (International Monetary Fund) from 2007 to present using Research Paper

IMF (International Monetary Fund) from 2007 to introduce utilizing worldwide business viewpoint - Research Paper Example Globalization has gigantic ramifications for organizations as it can lessen the cost structure of the organizations and get improvement regarding nature of items. Globalization has helped in improving worldwide exchange and speculation volume as an ever increasing number of organizations have entered in to worldwide market and take the state of global associations. Prior US organizations utilized rule in the field of global fares and FDI. Be that as it may, with changing world situation, different European nations, Japan just as rising economies like India, China, Korea, and so on have decreased the predominance of USA as they are following a similar impression (Hill, 2010). For instance, portion of FDI of the organizations of creating world have expanded from under 1 percent in 1980 to as high as 15 percent in 2008, while the portion of USA based organizations have declined from close to 40 percent in 1980 to 18 percent in 2008(approximately) (Hill, 2010). The political situation ha s additionally changed in this changed financial circumstance. The political predominance of US is no under extraordinary danger in this expanding market economy. Numerous European nations that were Communist prior and Some Asian nations have embraced vote based governmental issues and worried on building free market economies. Consequently, universal organizations are getting an ever increasing number of chances to enter these economies that have thus reinforce these economies. (Slope, 2010) In this globalized world, significance of worldwide foundations has expanded altogether in keeping up request in different affordable and political fields. IMF is one of such establishments which hold a significant situation in this changing financial and world of politics. Truth be told, it is helping this procedure of progress by its arrangements. IMF is liable for keeping up request and solidness in the worldwide money related framework. The presentation of universal organizations to a huge degree relies upon the activity of global money related framework. On the off chance that this framework works appropriately, at that point, the dangers related with global business activity decrease essentially. This paper will put its attention on some significant issues identifying with IMF arrangements and its embarrassments since 2007 as IMF exercises is firmly identified with the presentation of global organizations. (Slope, 2010) Issues and Problems with IMF since 2007: Since 2007, various issues identifying with IMF exercises merits referencing as this period relates to the ongoing worldwide budgetary emergency that has basically influenced interior business. A portion of these issues will be taken a gander at in this segment. Disappointment of IMF in the early discovery of US sub-prime emergency in 2007: IMF is liable for keeping up dependability on the planet fiscal framework and any sort of emergency that my occur in future with the goal that universal organizations becom e mindful of that occasion and make required strides. In any case, IMF is being accused for its inability to anticipate the appearance and seriousness of the money related emergency that was makes in US (Bennet, 2008). The emergency previously developed in the sub-prime market of US. There was an air pocket in the market in 2006 and 2007. The developments in this market were some early indication of the up and coming occasion of worldwide budgetary emergency. Be that as it may, the IMF neglected to catch those signs in sub-prime market. It is presently being said that absence of specialized and explanatory limit of the IMF alongside US’s reluctance to execute observation of money related segment by IMF were liable for IMF’s failure to distinguish the early indications of the emergency and anticipate its rise and seriousness. (Bennet, 2008; Bossone, 2008b) Changing macroeconomic Policy under worldwide budgetary emergency: Although IMF neglected to foresee the ongoing wo rldwide

AP Euro Essay Samples

AP Euro Essay SamplesAP Euro Essay samples help students develop their writing skills and confidence. Students can create essays that they can use for college applications, and in the college application process. These essays need to be high quality and really reflect their knowledge of the English language.AP Euro essay samples help students to write essays that are easy to understand, concise, and written in an essay format. They also make it easier for students to complete each section of the test and find out what they will be tested on.A good European test is important because students who know and understand the English language very well will have a better chance at getting into college. AP Euro is taking to test students' knowledge of the English language, history, and culture. The test is timed so that students have time to study for the test and answer questions accurately.AP Euro essay samples are useful tools for students, because they help them learn to organize their th oughts before writing their essays. Students can build on their knowledge and write according to their own ideas. They also become more confident when completing the test, because they have been given the materials they can work with.AP Euro essay samples also help students to connect the content of the test to their own experiences in school. The topics cover things like the nature of democracy, the public's role in a democratic society, and the United States constitution. They examine questions such as how important it is to keep our educational system free and competitive, and if it is wise to allow immigrants into the country. The writing questions ask students to provide a variety of responses and show how having an opinion will affect the way they perform on the test.There are many different countries that administer this exam. In some countries the test is standardized and followed uniformly across all students. However, other countries test the same students only one time bu t then assign students to different tests. It is important for students to remember that they are tested on multiple tests and to prepare for these tests accordingly.A lot of students will only prepare for the AP Euro by doing practice tests, but this is not enough. A student must be prepared for the test to do well. In order to be prepared for the test, students must have the proper material to study, and practice writing the test questions. They must also know how to organize their thoughts, and what their goals should be for writing the essay.AP Euro writing samples can be found online, and they can be used for as long as they are provided by the particular college or university that the student is applying to. It is important to realize that students are tested on multiple tests, and they need to be prepared for these tests. Using these AP Euro essay samples is a great way to prepare for the test.

The Person I Chose For My Research Paper - 1660 Words

Dolly Parton The person I chose for my research paper is Ms. Dolly Parton. I chose her because she is a wonderful person and artist, she shows true country colors. She is the â€Å"Queen of Country,† â€Å"The Backwoods Barbie,† â€Å"The Queen of Nashville,† and â€Å"The Leading Lady of Country.† Dolly Parton has constricted over 5,000 songs. She has won over 30 different awards, and been nominated for awards over 160 times, and has had over 20 top chart songs. She is truly a wonderful country artist. â€Å"I want to go and go, and then drop dead in the middle of something I m loving to do. And if that doesn t happen, if I wind up sitting in a wheelchair, at least I ll have on my high heels.† –Dolly Parton Dolly Rebecca Parton was born on January 19, 1946 in Sevierville, Tennessee. She was born to Robert Lee Parton a tobacco farmer and Avie Lee Owens Parton. She is one of 12 kids: Stella, Rachel, Randy, Frieda, Robert, Cassie, Willadeone, Floyd, Larry, Coy, and David. Most of her musical influence came from her mother, which were mostly church songs. At the age of five years old Dolly wrote her first song â€Å"Tiny Little Tassle Top.† At the age of seven Dolly constructed her first guitar out of two bass guitar strings and an olden mandolin. By age nine Dolly was performing professionally appearing on the local television and radio show. She became a normal singer on â€Å"The Cas Walker Show† and rendered on this show until the age of eighteen. Ms. Dolly Parton made her first appearance on The GrandShow MoreRelated Gender and Movie Selection Essay example1449 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie may appeal to one person and not another. Such characteristics may not only appeal to an individual but to a certain group of people. Could it be that characteristics of a film appeal to either the male gender or the female gender? Is there a difference in the category of movie that a male chooses as opposed to one that a female chooses? Such questions prove to be very interesting and ponderous. Upon thinking of such questions, I decided to revolve my research paper around the two conceptsRead MoreHow I Improved As A Writer892 Words   |  4 Pagesof how I improved as a writer. This second semester of duel enrollment English has helped me improve not only on becoming a better writer but as well as becoming more mature as a person and has helped me with time management. This portfolio includes the three best pieces that I have written this whole year. I hope you enjoy these pieces as much as I enjoy them. The first piece I chose to put in this portfolio was my narrative piece. The reason I chose this was because it was the first paper I wroteRead MoreComparing My Writings Of My Personal Writings1041 Words   |  5 PagesAs I have considered how to approach this essay, I thought it would be best to compare two of my writings for each example. Providing two quotes for each example will be most effective in showing the progression I’ve made. Kind of a â€Å"before and after† take on this essay. Example 1: Introduction â€Å" Everyone likes him. How can I blame them? What wasn’t there to like? But, I didn’t like him†¦I love him. He is one of my best friends and has been one of my heroes ever since I can remember. I have takenRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing760 Words   |  4 PagesOver the years I have become very familiar with writing long papers, reading books and articles, and researching different topics. I can remember not knowing where to even start writing a paragraph in third grade to not knowing where to start writing a one-page paper in middle school. I finally got to high school and two to three-page essays was all I knew. In elementary I was already reading chapter books, and writing summaries for submission. By high school I was reading two books at a time. TheRead MoreReflection About Myself955 Words   |  4 Pages During this Semester I have written six essays, and all of them were a little different. All of them had a different purpose in writing and require d a different skill too. There are things that I did both good and bad in writing all of these essays. The first essay that I had to write for this class was a Self-Assessment essay, about my writing career and how the four basics have been involved in my life. This was a more personal essay about myself, while I have also had to write some essays aboutRead MoreCollege English Changes People867 Words   |  4 Pagesorder our papers in a specific sequence while writing about a topic that is chosen for us. This English composition class changed all of that. We were able to write about anything that related to the given type of essay, which greatly improved our ability to fully immerse ourselves into every paper. This greatly affected my writing thoughts about writing; they changed from hating to write for school to actually enjoying it because I was able to find new things about my self while deepening my knowledgeRead MoreA Marginal Structural Model Analysis For Loneliness1037 Wo rds   |  4 Pages The purpose of this paper is to get an indebt look into what is loneliness and its personality construct of interest. I begin by explaining the definition of loneliness and the different types. My research is composed of several scholarly journal articles, 2 from which are empirical papers. The journals I have chose to base my study of are the Review of Loneliness and Longing: Conscious and Unconscious Aspects, Consequences of Loneliness on Physical Activity and Mortality in Older Adults and theRead MoreUsing Evidence to Support Professional Practice and Policy791 Words   |  3 Pagesand compassion. My two research papers are entitled ‘The development of a model of dignity in illness based on qualitative interviews with seriously ill patients’ , Van Gennip et al.(2013) and ‘The effect of the Liverpool Care Pathway for the dying: a multi-centre study’ , Veerbeek et al. (2008). To open I must state that I really struggled to find relevant articles with methods. The first article, van Gennip et al.(2013) I attained from the International journal of nursing studies. I first attemptedRead MoreNorth Eastern Chinese Stereotypes Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesWriting is always a challenge to me. Before I entered English Composition 2I class, my writing skill is not strong. Grammar, especially, is my weakest point. Although for now, I may not come up with an essay with zero grammar mistakes, I indeed believe that my grammar improves a lot. I also learned how to better structure my paper by logically orientating my paragraphs. I learned that I need bridging sentences and transitional phrases to make my paper flow better. I learned several strategies about writingRead MoreNegative Effects Of Divorce On Children1072 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I was five years old I was forced to make a choice. This was a choice many children should not have to make and can never re ally be prepared for. My parents were getting a divorce and they decided it was in my best interests to give me the option to live with whomever I chose. It was a burden that to this day affects my relationship with one of my parents. Ultimately, I chose to live with my mother and from then on, my father would barely be a part of my life. I often wonder would I have

The Government Should Not Run Welfare Programs - 999 Words

â€Å"If it’s not yours, don’t take it.† Most of us are taught this at a very young age. For most people and in most contexts, taking things from others is illegal. Occasionally, people will come up with the idea that taking money from others, by force, to serve ends the earners don’t have to agree with is acceptable. These people become politicians, they get elected, and by the monopoly of force they possess, they redistribute income from some people to others. I believe all redistribution is wrong, and that the government should not run welfare programs. The government should not provide welfare to people whose income is below a threshold. What constitutes poverty, in my opinion, is arbitrary. Should a person be considered poor at the point she doesn’t have anything to eat? Or at the point she can’t afford cable television? Should she be considered poor if she doesn’t have access to credit? I would not hesitate to help out a poor housewife who just left her abusive husband. I would be opposed to, however, to pay for someone’s cable only because they don’t make enough money. Thomas Sowell, in a September 2015 article in the National Review, explains how far the poor have come since the beginning of the last century: â€Å"In 1900, only 3 percent of American homes had electric lights but more than 99 percent had them before the end of the century. Infant mortality rates were 165 per thousand in 1900 and seven per thousand by 1997. By 2001, most Americans living below the officialShow MoreRelatedCan Welfare Actually Be Harmful?1555 Words   |  7 PagesCan Welfare Actually Be Harmful? Wouldn’t it be wonderful to live a life free of worry, knowing that every one of your needs is met? You could relax and enjoy life without the concern of finding employment and earning a paycheck. Well.in the long run, that type of life may not be so wonderful after all! The United States welfare system has become a crutch for a segment of society who needs assistance learning how to provide for themselves and their families, rather than being given anotherRead MoreEssay Welfare-To-Work: Welfare Programming1070 Words   |  5 Pagesa horse to water but, if you don’t teach him to read, he won’t know its poison. This is exactly how the current welfare programs in the United States are run. The current Welfare Reform is failing due to Political indulgence in statistics, focusing on the percentage of individuals attaining employment instead of the quality of employee and employment. In order to be successful Welfare Reform must contain vocational educatio n with proper job placement and fair sanctions on recipients. The numbersRead MoreRoosevelts Socialist Plans Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pageswas elected he came up with the New Deal programs. These programs were a series of government funded projects that lowered unemployment, strengthened the value of the dollar, and kept money in circulation. The purpose of the New Deal programs were the 3 R’s; relief, recovery, and reform. Direct relief and economic recovery were the short term goals and financial reform was the long term goal of the New Deal programs. (Big Tent Democract) The New Deal programs did reach some of their short term goalsRead MoreEthics of Welfare and Government Assistance Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesPatrick Cassidy PHL 215 3/23/10 Ethics of Welfare and Government Assistance When the topic of welfare is brought into an ethical discussion most individuals would surely see it as an ethical act that genuinely helps those in need. This is true to an extent, but is it possible that welfare does more harm than good? Most would argue that the hand out of money to those less fortunate is being socially responsible. The question that drives this ethical issue is where does social responsibilityRead MoreStrengths and Weaknesses of Using Food Subsidies in Improving the Welfare of the Poor in Middle Eastern Economies1535 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem facing policy makers is the choice of options means of improving the short run welfare of poor households in the population. Among these, policy alternative is a choice between food subsidies and agricultural production subsidies. Food subsidies involving either the sale of stable food items at subsidized prices, or income transfers, expected to improve the welfare of recipient households in the short run directly. On the other hand, agricultural production subsidies and other agriculturalRead MoreDrug Testing Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagesof people today, â€Å"Is drug testing the welfare constitutional or not?† When dealing with this we come to many road blocks. We should know and understand the difference in a drug use problem and a psychiatric disorder. Also understanding the difference in substance abuse and substance dependence. Confusing the two could be an issue. When you decide to drug test the welfare there is much more that needs to go into it than just the test to determine if you should receive benefits from the state or notRead MoreThe Welfare System Is A Broken System1590 Words   |  7 Pages Riff 1 â€Å"The federal government currently funds 126 separate anti-poverty programs at an annual cost of $688 billion. Of these, 72 provide cash or other benefits directly to poor families† (Tanner). Welfare is a broken system that needs to be fixed because it is teaching the current generation the wrong way to live, encourages people to not work for what they need or want, and lacks accountability for how or where the money is being spent. The welfare system was originally createdRead MoreAmerica Doesn’t Need More Welfare Checks Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica Doesn’t Need More Welfare Checks nbsp; The United States recently experienced one of the greatest booms in our economic history. More people were working than ever before. People were buying houses at a faster rate than they have in decades. Yet there were many people still living from paycheck to paycheck, or welfare check to welfare check. The subject of welfare stirs different passions in different people. Some say that those who are on welfare should be taken off, with no hopeRead MoreEssay on The Welfare Fraud Crisis1705 Words   |  7 Pages Welfare is intended for families or individuals that are in need of assistance with no or little income. For those who do not know, Welfare funds come from hard working individuals that are required to pay taxes. Now we wonder, are the tax payers’ hard earned money going to the right deserving recipients? Welfare fraud is on the rise in this country. Many are taking advantage of the system taking away the help that is meant for people that truly needed help to provide for their families orRead More Proposal To Reduce Unemployment Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesfunds or lack of education. What I am planning to propose is a budget that will drastically change the way the economy has been looked upon in the last century. More so I plan to introduce a way to fit a newer form of a capitalist economy into the government system, mainly to increase the percentage of American work force between seventy-five percent to eighty-five percent to preserve better living conditions. First thing that has to be looked upon when we think of unemployment are the unemployment

Fourth Amendment Basics And Law Enforcement Hacking Essay

Playpen: Law Enforcement in Digital Age â€Å"The Playpen Story: Some Fourth Amendment Basics and Law Enforcement Hacking† is an analytical blog post published on the Depplinks Blog section of the Electronic Frontier Foundations (EFF) website by Mark Rumold. Mark Rumold is a senior staff attorney at EFF, a non-profit organization with a stated purpose of: â€Å"defend[ing] free speech online, fight[ing] illegal surveillance, advocating for users and innovators, support freedom-enhancing technologies†. This article is one of several, written by Rumold covering the FBI investigations and prosecutions connected to the child pornography hosting Tor site called â€Å"Playpen†. The author analyzes how the FBI actions during the investigation relate to the Fourth Amendment and proceeds to contrast them with the established legal precedence. The author argues how the hacking performed by the FBI are either searches or seizures and thus covered by the Fourth Amendments. H e interprets the courts’ rulings on these cases and translates them into future implications for privacy. Author’s objective tone with a hint of concern indicates that this article is for readers 25 years of age or older valuing their privacy and constitutional rights. While he could have included greater detail, it would turn off his intended audience by providing superfluous information unrelated to the analysis he is conducting. Lack of case details and references to previous postings and articles shows that he is writing forShow MoreRelatedIslamic State Of Iraq And Syria ( Isis ) : Profile And Analysis3144 Words   |  13 Pagesrespond to a major terrorist attack. After seeing the preparation and planning of the attacks on the World Trade Centers in New York City and realizing that it happened within American borders, policy makers were left scrambling to come up with new laws and policies to prevent this from happening again. There are hundreds of terrorist gro ups throughout the world but none have been more publicly active than the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria in recent years. While the group lacks sufficient aircraftRead MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pagesfreedom of expression, access to information, the right to privacy, intellectual property rights, and cultural diversity. ICT is an instrumental need of all humans for the gathering of information and knowledge, and as such, should be guaranteed as a basic right to all human beings. All over the world, rights that are already legally recognised are daily being violated, whether in the name of economic advancement, political stability, religious causes, the campaign against terrorism, or for personalRead More Improving Internet Governance Essay5246 Words   |  21 PagesIntroduction The Internet has become a vital utility allowing for a global exchange of knowledge, communication and commerce. 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In this document, any reference to â€Å"we,† â€Å"us,† â€Å"the Group† or â€Å"Nokia† means Nokia Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, except where we make clear that the term means Nokia Corporation or a particularRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagespayments at regular intervals, based on the percentage of work completed. Thus, their revenue cycles must be designed to track carefully all work performed and the amount of work remaining to be done. Service companies (e.g., public accounting and law firms) do not sell physical goods and, therefore, do not need inventory control systems. They must develop and maintain detailed records of the work performed for each customer to provide backup for the amounts billed. Tracking individual employeeRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagespublished 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate

Marketing Communications Dynamic Business World

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Communications for Dynamic Business World. Answer: Introduction: In the modern dynamic business world, it is highly important for any business organization to communicate its brand effectively, so that the development of brand awareness of the product can help in creating valuable consumer relationship. Herein lays the importance of an Integrated Marketing Communication Plan (Percy 2014). In a highly competitive market, it is quite difficult for any organization to distinguish itself from its rival firms, and hence product differentiation, creation of stronger brand relationship, targeting the right audience, are very important factors that ultimately determine the success of a specific organization, and yet none of these factors can be accomplished without the support of a strong and effective Integrated Marketing Communication Plan. Dreamland bakery is a cake and retail bakery shop that is going to be set up at Melbourne. The organization is being established with the purpose of serving the consumer demand for a variety of cakes, pastry, buns, r olls and coffee products. Although the organization is being started with a minimal amount of capital, Dreamland bakery aims to earn an enormous amount of revenue, and hence the strategy chosen by the organization is to offer its products at highly competitive prices, and to ensure a high quality consumer service (Kotler et al. 2015). Discussion: Target Audience Segment Analysis: Identification of the target audience and subsequent process of market segmentation are highly important for the sustenance of any business unit. While conducting the consumer analysis, it is to be remembered that demographically speaking, the cake products and coffee items can be purchased by any man or woman living in Australia whose age may lie between 10 years to 65 years. However, since Dreamland intends to offer a variety of tasty confectionary products, such as sweet buns, candies, sorbets and ice creams, it is more likely to appeal to the consumers aged between 10 years to 30 years. Here, it has to be noted that Dreamland is not free from competition, and cake shops such as Brunetti, Monarch cake shop, Beatrix are some of the highly recognized shops that has already created a loyal customer base. Hence, Dreamland in order to earn recognition should rely on a strong Integrated Marketing Communication Plan that will communicate its unique selling points, such as heavy discounts and lucrative offers on every purchase, or a wide variety of products in a single shop (Mariotti and Glacin 2014). Communication (Advertising) Objectives: It has been noted that Dreamland is a very new and emerging organization that has not yet earned the recognition or the faith and goodwill of the consumers. Hence, the primary objectives of advertising the products are to promote the product, increase its awareness among the people, and to persuade them of its goodness (Sheehan 2013). Some of the unique features of the cake shop include, reasonable price, attractive vouchers on every purchase, and free gift items for repeat customers, and yet these facilities might fail to attract the attention of the consumers, if the organization does not advertise and promote the products on a public forum (Percy et al. 2016) . Further, it is absolutely undeniable that Word of Mouth Marketing (WOMM) is an emerging, and yet very innovative and effective marketing idea that successfully influences the consumers purchasing decision. It is to be noted here that according to a research conducted by Nielson, 92% of the consumers rely on word of mouth publicity, while purchasing a product or availing a service, and hence the importance of social media and digital media is undeniable (Buil et al. 2013). The social media platforms can be effectively used for connecting with the consumers, who will recommend the service of the new cake shop to their friends and consumers. There is no gain stating the fact that though Dreamland as a cake shop has great potentiality in future, at present, the organization is not free from major rival organization, such as Beatrix, who have already earned the goodwill of the consumers, and have a loyal customer base. In such a situation the challenge for Dreamland would be to develop its brand awareness among the public, encouraging trial and usage of their products and services, and hence it must advertise its products by adopting effective strategies, such as offering special incentives to the first-time buyers (Moriarty et al. 2014). Stimulating a want or desire among the consumers to try the delicious products or avail the service offered at Dreamland is also one of the important objectives of communication strategy. However, this is only possible when the organization will be able to project a unique image of its products and the superior quality of its service before the consumers, and hence shaping the consumer attitudes is an important objective as well (O'guinn et al. 2014). Selected Creative Advertisement and the Justification of the Choice There is no point stating the fact that an average Australian is usually exposed to as many as 5000 advertisements a day, and hence unless the advertisement strategy chosen is able to leave an indelible impression in the mind of the student, Dreamland will not be able to catch the attention of a single consumer (Sin and Tse 2013). Hence, going the creative and innovative way is most important here. As it is being previously discussed, the organization already has a few rival cake shops that are well-established and highly recognized among the consumers for the unique taste of its products, the variety of each item served, and the fresh quality of the ingredients used . Hence, advertising about the same qualities will not attract public attention. Consequently, Dreamland needs to add a creative, original and highly innovative element in its advertising campaign. The organization will not only offer good taste, but will exhibit noble purpose of conducting business. The tagline to be us ed will clearly state Have a bite and offer a bite, that will promote the goodwill of the organization, by explaining how a consumer ordering products above $50 from Dreamland, will provide an opportunity for a poor person to avail any product of his choice absolutely at free of cost (Kim and Joo 2015). The banners and the placards promoting the products of Dreamland cake shop, will have picture of a generous consumer feeling proud and content after feeding an impoverished man . The opportunity of performing a philanthropic activity while satiating ones hunger will draw a huge number of consumers to Dreamland cake shop. Further, it is to be noted here that a consumer is not only willing to perform charitable act, but may also be eager to be recognized for the same. Hence, it would be a good idea if the cake shop would also arrange to take a photograph of the consumer offering or feeding the confectionary products to the unprivileged person, and stick the photograph on the wall of t he cake shop (Kitchen and Thorp 2013). Media Plan Developing the media plan is one of the most important, crucial and discreet decisions an organization is required to take. There is a huge variety of media channels available in the market, and hence it is highly important to select the most cost- effective and consumer friendly channel that will help the organization gain exposure to maximum consumers against a minimum amount of investment (Katz 2014). It is to be noted that Dreamland cake shop while developing its media plan, must consider the following points: Knowing the media objectives Identifying and evaluating the most effective media channel Justification of the chosen form of media channel Determining the media budget plan (Fotis et al. 2012) As far as the media objectives are concerned, Dreamland cake shop intends to employ media channels for reaching the maximum number of people within a short span of time. Further, it often happens that an organization intends to reach out to a specific target audience, and yet fails to appeal to them due to the absence of proper media channel. Hence, drawing the attention of the target audience is the next objective of media plan. Last but not the least, Dreamland is a recently emerging organization, and hence it will require a media plan that fits its budget. Celebrity marketing via television, or promotion through the Public Relations (PR) strategy will not be a discreet choice for the organization (Tuten and Solomon 2014). According to the Sensis Social Media Report of 2015, almost every Australian uses social media channels at home, or even outside. Hence, incorporating the use of social media in media plan will be most advantageous. The virtual presence of an organization is highly beneficial, and hence Dreamland will be required to open up a Facebook business page, a Twitter account and an account on Instagram as well. The media plan should necessarily involve activities on the social media platform, that will encourage the consumers interact about the brand, and explore more about the features that Dreamland cake shop has to offer. The organization is selecting the social media marketing strategy as a part of its media plan, as the social media tools such as Facebook and Google Analytics will help the organization select its target audience, so that their promotional activities reach the most relevant audience, who take interest in confectionary products. Further, the organization does not have a h uge amount of investment, and hence the social sites are the best media platforms that can promote the product at a highly affordable price (Thorson and Moore 2013). However, a strong marketing team of at least 3 employees have to be set up, who will be responsible for updating the consumers about the latest offers, discounts or lucrative gift vouchers offered by the organization. One of the main disadvantages of social media tools is that if the negative feedback goes unchecked, the social sites can end up tarnishing the reputation of the organization. Hence, it is highly important to control, supervise and regulate the activities of consumers and clients on the social sites (Scott 2015). However, apart from the Internet Media, it is important to consider Broadcast media channels as well. Advertisement is an important component of the communication mix process, and hence advertisement on both television as well as radio is required. While the social media advertisement will be comparatively cheaper, promoting a product on television shows and radio channels can prove to be relatively expensive. Dreamland has a specific target audience, and hence it must select the popular children and youth channels of Australia, so as to reach the relevant audience. Besides, while promoting the product on a radio channel, the cake shop must choose the radio channel most popular among the youth population of Australia (Uddin 2014). Evaluation Strategy of the IMC Plan It is not only sufficient to introduce an IMC plan meant for promoting the unique products or service of an organization, it is equally important to assess, evaluate and critically analyze the effectiveness of the strategy as well. Understanding the response of the consumers, and analyzing their feedback on the social sites can be beneficial in assessing the effectiveness of the IMC plan adopted. The response metrics will be employed by the authority of dreamland cake shop, to measure the brand attitude, preference and expectation of the consumers. The cognitive as well as the affective impact of the advertisement of a product can be evaluated by employing the advertising response hierarchy models, such as HOE Model or DAGMAR models. A review committee will be set up which will be responsible for evaluating the sales promotion program in terms of their direct impact on sales (Breitsohl et al. 2014). Conclusion: To conclude, it must be remembered that Dreamland is anew, emerging organization that has a huge prospect in future, provided the suitable promotion strategies are being adopted by the authority of the organization. The idea of Integrated Marketing communication plays an important role in bringing organizational success of any company, and hence embracing the IMC program is going to be highly beneficial for Dreamland as well. It is to be noted here that the shift towards the IMC plan has been seen as a significant change in the history of advertisement and promotion, and hence the adoption of the most effective IMC plan, and proper evaluation of the same, can bring about huge success for Dreamland cake shop. Reference List: Breitsohl, J., Khammash, M. and Griffiths, G., 2014. Online complaint communication strategy: An integrated management framework for e-businesses. InHandbook of Strategic e-Business Management(pp. 907-933). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Buil, I., De Chernatony, L. and Martnez, E., 2013. Examining the role of advertising and sales promotions in brand equity creation.Journal of Business Research,66(1), pp.115-122. Floreddu, P.B., Floreddu, P.B., Cabiddu, F. and Cabiddu, F., 2016. Social media communication strategies.Journal of Services Marketing,30(5), pp.490-503. Fotis, J., Buhalis, D. and Rossides, N., 2012.Social media use and impact during the holiday travel planning process(pp. 13-24). Springer-Verlag. Katz, H., 2014.The media handbook: A complete guide to advertising media selection, planning, research, and buying. Routledge. Kim, D. and Joo, J., 2015. Research on Advertisement Effect according to Degree of Expectation on Creative Commercial Photography. Kitchen, G. and Thorp, B., Skyworks Ventures, Inc., 2013.Dynamic reassignment of advertisement placements to maximize impression count. U.S. Patent 8,407,090. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Mariotti, S. and Glackin, C., 2014.Entrepreneurship and small business management. Pearson Higher Ed. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. O'guinn, T., Allen, C., Semenik, R.J. and Scheinbaum, A.C., 2014.Advertising and integrated brand promotion. Nelson Education. Percy, L. and Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., 2016.Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Percy, L., 2014.Strategic integrated marketing communications. Routledge. Scott, D.M., 2015.The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly. John Wiley Sons. Sheehan, K.B., 2013.Controversies in contemporary advertising. Sage Publications. Sinn, R. and Tse, T., Yahoo! Inc., 2013.Combination creative advertisement targeting system. U.S. Patent 8,510,653. Thorson, E. and Moore, J., 2013.Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage. Uddin, S., 2014. The Features of an Effective Advertisement: A Critical Review.Management and Administrative Sciences Review,3(6), pp.878-890. Weatherspoon, D., Weatherspoon, C. and Ristau, C., 2015. Speaking Their Language: Integrating Social Media into Childbirth Education Practice.International Journal of Childbirth Education,30(3).

Wimax free essay sample

1. INTRODUCTION Wateen Telecom is the first company in the world to roll-out a WiMAX network at a country-wide scale. WiMAX is a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to wired broadband like cable and DSL. With globally renowned partners such as Motorola, Cisco, and Intel, the stage is set to revolutionize the way you use technology! With Wateens WiMAX network, you get access to: †¢ Broadband Internet with up to 2Mbps dedicated speeds †¢ Telephony with over 40 value added features, and Fully secure high-speed data networks Subscribers can use advanced telephony, surf the Internet at super-fast speeds, make video calls, and watch IP-TV through the comfort and ease afforded by a single connection. 1. 1 Packages: Package A Free CPE with 512Kbps Internet and ‘EverGreen Unlimited Telephony †¢ Option 1 Pay once: Rs. 17,999 †¢ Option 2 Upfront payment: Rs. We will write a custom essay sample on Wimax or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2,999 plus 1st monthly charge. Submit 11 post-dated cheques of Rs. 1,350 each Package B Free CPE choose your own Internet Telephony tariff †¢ Option 1 Upfront payment: Rs. 8,499 plus 1st monthly charge. Submit 11 post-dated cheques for monthly charges †¢ Option 2 Upfront payment: Rs. 2,999 plus 1st monthly charge. Submit 11 post-dated cheques of Rs. 499 plus monthly charges 1. 2 Research Objectives: †¢ To determine overall customer satisfaction level of Wateen Wimax †¢ Determine the customer profile of Wateen Wimax users and the values they seek while choosing an internet connection †¢ To determine their reason for switching to Wimax †¢ How satisfied are the customers with different features of Wateen Wimax such as speed, connectivity, price and customer service 1. 3 Research Design The Research was based on a questionnaire that consisted of questions designed to achieve the desired research objectives. The questionnaire consisted of nineteen questions with a mix of open ended, close ended and scaled responses. The chosen sample was fifty people who are users of Wateen telecom so that we can find out what they feel about its services. These fifty interviews included field surveys and telephonic interviews. 2. USER PROFILE As far as the profile of wateen Wimax users is concerned it can only be afforded by socio economic classes A and B because the initial and monthly charges are fairly high. Wateen Wimax users that we interviewed belong to different segments, use it for different purposes, they are using the service from different time periods and they are also using variable packages. These all dimensions of selected users are explained in detail as follows. 2. 1 User Profession: According to our research findings based on interviews from 50 respondents 19 of the users are employees of different organizations, 17 users have their own businesses, 11 are students, 2 are housewives and 1 is a doctor. Findings are also shown in fig. . 1 in which jobs people, business men and students are three big sectors respectively. [pic] 2. 2 User type: Out of 50 users that we interviewed 20 are using WiMax in their offices while 30 are home users. This is also shown in figure 1. 2 as 60% of users are home users while 40% are office users. 2. 3 Usage Period: The users we interviewed have been using the WiMax service for different periods as shown in figure 1. 3. Out of 50 respondents 10 users are such who are using the service since the launch of WiMax in Pakistan. 8 users are using the service for last 3 months, 17 for 2 months and 5 for 1 month. [pic] 2. 4 Package: Wateen Wimax provides different packages with different speeds and download volumes. If we compare the use of packages on the base of different speeds most of the users use the package with speed of 512 kbps. According to our findings 39 of 50 users use 512kbps package while 7 respondents use 256kbps package, 3 respondents use 1MB and only one respondent uses 2 MB package. 2. 5 Reasons to switch: Many customers of Wateen Wimax were previously users of Broadband/DSL, dialup and Local Area Network. Out of the taken sample previously 29% users were on dialup, 42% were using DSL and 29% were using Local Area Network to access the internet. There were different reasons given by customers for switching to Wateen Wimax. 25% switched because of poor customer service, 10% switched because they were attracted by the availability of wireless connection feature, 27% switched because they were having speed issues, and onnectivity was found to be the major issue with 37% of people saying that they switched to Wateen Wimax because of connectivity issues. 1% said that they were having other issues such as they did not have PTCL landlines. 2. 6 Importance of features: [pic] Different customers value different attributes of an internet connection while choosing which one to get. The attributes of internet connections for which importance to customers was measured are wireless connectivity, spe ed, price, and customer service. Connectivity and Speed were found to be the two attributes that were most valued by customers with 90% of the sample regarding connectivity as very important and 86% regarding speed as very important. None consider speed and connectivity as not important. Price was not important for 12% of the sample, 48% said it is important and 40% say it is very important. 16% say customer service is not important, 38% say it is important and 46% say it is very important. 3. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF WATEEN WIMAX 3. 1 Likeability of features: Upon asking what feature of Wateen Wimax’s service people like the most, there were variable responses. 2% of the people said that the attribute about Wateen Wimax that they like the most is the wireless connectivity, 28% like the speed, only 6% like the prices being offered and 4% like its customer service. This shows that a high number of people like the wireless connectivity feature which is a new concept in Pakistan. 3. 2 Satisfaction levels: We hav e measured the satisfaction level of Wateen WiMax users on four criterions namely connectivity, speed, price and customer service. The satisfaction scale was divided into five levels; very dissatisfied, dissatisfied, neutral, satisfied and very satisfied. According to the findings no WiMax user was very satisfied with the connectivity while out of 50 respondents 5 users were very dissatisfied with the connectivity, 19 were dissatisfied, 10 were neutral while 16 were satisfied with the connectivity. As shown in the fig 68% of the respondents were either not happy with the connectivity or did not find it to be up to the mark. Speed relatively scored better then the connectivity. Out of 50 respondents 4 were very satisfied with the speed, 18 were satisfied, 10 were neutral, 12 respondents were dissatisfied with the speed while 6 were very dissatisfied. respondents do not consider Wateen is charging appropriate prices for the WiMax and were very dissatisfied. 12 were dissatisfied, 17 thought it to be just right, only 15 respondents out of 50 perceived the prices to be appropriate and were satisfied while 1 respondent was very satisfied with the prices. Wateen customer service received a mix response. Out of 50 respondents 16 were very di ssatisfied with the customer service, 8 were dissatisfied, and 10 were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. 16 respondents rate the customer service to be satisfied while none of them were very satisfied. RATING |CONNECTIVITY |CONNECTIVITY % |SPEED |SPEED % |PRICE |PRICE % |C. S |C. S % | |VERY DISSATISFIED |5 |10% |6 |12% |5 |10% |16 |32% | |DISSATISFIED |19 |38% |12 |24% |12 |24% |8 |16% | |NEUTRAL |10 |20% |10 |20% |17 |34% |10 |20% | |SATISFIED |16 |32% |18 |36% |15 |30% |16 |32% | |VERT SATISFIED |0 |0% |4 |8% |1 |2% |0 |0% | |Total |50 | |50 | |50 | |50 | | | 3. 3 Rating Scale: [pic] According to our findings overall performance of Wateen WiMax was an average one. Out of 50 respondents 29 gave it an overall score of 5 or below as depicted in the fig. Out of the remaining 21 respondents 5 gave it a score of 6, 7 respondents gave it a score of 7, 6 respondent gave it a score of 8, 2 respondents viewed Wateen WiMax to be performing well and gave it a score of 9 and only 1 rare respondent was completely satisfied with Wateen WiMax and gave it a score of 10. The average score was thus found to be 5. 3 which means the overall satisfaction level of Wateen is neither very good nor very poor or alarming. But this means that they certainly need to improve on it. 3. 4 Comments: The comments from Wimax users are: 42% of users made no comment about Wateen and its Wimax service †¢ 6 % of users said that unlimited download services should be introduced by Wateen and volume based packages should be finished †¢ 12 % said that the Wateen services are not up to expectation †¢ 10 % users said that the routers placed by Wateen should be of good quality and more routers should be placed because currently the routers are either placed a way from some localities and signals are weak in those areas †¢ Few users are so disappointed by Wateen services that they said that the Wateen offices should burnt down 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS †¢ Wateen needs innovative service offerings — currently it doesn’t even offer bundles or server which provides entertainment channels. †¢ Overall Wateen still behaves as a monopoly it has to change its attitude. At a minimum, avoiding billing errors and providing competent and courteous service to its customers is essential if Wateen wants to show that it is transforming itself to a competitive company which cares for its customers †¢ As Wateen is using Warid towers so due to load of cellular services the signals of Wateen got weak. So they need to separate there towers so improve here performance †¢ The router provided by Wateen should be of good quality. Or more than one router should be given by them so the signal problem should be resolved. †¢ People are not satisfied with the call centers and the customer service. The response from call centers should be positive and valid which results in satisfied customers . †¢ For its success Wateen will have to do more than just depend upon its wireless connectivity feature. 5. APPENDIX Primary Information †¢ http://www. wateen. com/ †¢ Survey (Questionnaire) Secondary Information (Blogs, User Comments) †¢ http://sarfarazsoomro. logspot. com/2008/01/on-fly-with-wimax. html †¢ http://www3. fuzedbulb. com/fuzedblog/wateen-experience. html †¢ http://www. blogcatalog. com/blogs/the-tech-turtle/posts/tag/wateen/ †¢ http://techlahore. wordpress. com/2007/12/21/pakistan%E2%80%99s-wateen-launches-godzilla-sized-wimax-network/ Fig (C) usage period Fig (J) Comments Fig (I) Satisfaction Level Table (A) Satisfaction Level Fig (H) Satisfaction Levels Fig (G) Likeability of Features Fig (F) Importance of Features Fig (E) Reasons to Switch Fig (D) Packages Fig (B) user type Fig (A) user profession

A Profile of the Karabiner 98k

A Profile of the Karabiner 98k The Karabiner 98k was the last in a long line of rifles designed for the German military by Mauser. Tracing its roots to the Lebel Model 1886, the Karabiner 98k was most directly descended from the Gewehr 98 (Model 1898) which first introduced an internal, metallic five-cartridge magazine. In 1923, the Karabiner 98b was introduced as the primary rifle for the post-World War I German military. As the Treaty of Versailles prohibited the Germans from producing rifles, the Karabiner 98b was labeled a carbine despite the fact that it was essentially an improved Gewehr 98. In 1935, Mauser moved to upgrade the Karabiner 98b by altering several of its components and shortening its overall length. The result was the Karabiner 98 Kurz (Short Carbine Model 1898), better known as the Karabiner 98k (Kar98k). Like its predecessors, the Kar98k was a bolt-action rifle, which limited its rate of fire, and was relatively unwieldy. One change was the shift to using laminated stocks rather than single pieces of wood, as testing had shown that plywood laminates were better at resisting warping. Entering service in 1935, over 14 million Kar98ks were produced by the end of World War II. Specifications Cartridge: 7.92 x 57 mm (8 mm Mauser)Capacity: 5-round stripper clip inserted into an internal magazineMuzzle Velocity: 760 m/secEffective Range: 547 yards, 875 yards with opticsWeight: 8-9 lbs.Length: 43.7 in.Barrel Length: 23.6 in.Attachments: Knife Bayonet S84/98, rifle grenades German and World War II Usage The Karabiner 98k saw service in all theaters of World War II that involved the German military, such as Europe, Africa, and Scandinavia. Though the Allies moved towards using semi-automatic rifles, such as the M1 Garand, the Wehrmacht retained the bolt-action Kar98k with its small five-round magazine. This was largely due to their tactical doctrine which emphasized the light machine gun as the basis of a squads firepower. In addition, the Germans frequently preferred to use submachine guns, like the MP40, in close combat or urban warfare. In the final year and a half of the war, the Wehrmacht began phasing out the Kar98k in favor of the new Sturmgewehr 44 (StG44) assault rifle. While the new weapon was effective, it was never produced in sufficient numbers and the Kar98k remained the primary German infantry rifle until the end of hostilities. In addition, the design also saw service with the Red Army which purchased licenses to manufacture them prior to the war. While few were produced in the Soviet Union, captured Kar98ks were used widely by the Red Army during its early war arms shortage. Postwar Use Following World War II, millions of Kar98ks were captured by the Allies. In the West, many were given to rebuilding nations to rearm their militaries. France and Norway adopted the weapon and factories in Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia began producing their own versions of the rifle. Those German weapons taken by the Soviet Union were kept in case of a future war with NATO. Over time, many of these were given to nascent communist movements around the world. Many of these ended up in Vietnam and were used by the North Vietnamese against the United States during the Vietnam War. Elsewhere, the Kar98k ironically served with the Jewish Haganah and later, the Israeli Defense Forces in the late 1940s and 1950s. Those weapons that were obtained from captured German stockpiles had all Nazi iconography removed and replaced with IDF and Hebrew markings. The IDF also purchased large stocks of Czech and Belgian-produced versions of the rifle. In the 1990s, the weapons were again deployed during the conflicts in former Yugoslavia. While no longer used by militaries today, the Kar98k is popular with shooters and collectors.

Neither human beings nor their bodies should be commodities that can Essay

Neither human beings nor their bodies should be commodities that can be traded on the market. Discuss this question - Essay Example Human trafficking and sale of body organs are classified into different categories of trade of human beings and their bodies. One of the categories that can be outlined in sale of human body is kidney transplant or any transplant that can lead to deliverance of human life as it would lead to change in his health condition. This king of trade on human bodies is regarded fair by many people but there are still a number of people who believe that the practice is abhorrent and should be prohibited. Although the society harbors the aversion to activities conducted on corpse, it encourages and tolerates especially through legalization the transplant activities and forensic postmortems (Price, 2000, p. 32). The other kind of human trafficking and sale of human parts involves sale of certain body parts illegally or trading people for slaves where they are taken for hard labor, discrimination and sexual manipulation. This kind of human trade is unacceptable to many people and thus it is disre garded all over the world. The experts who participate in the transplant operations advice people to judge the two activities with sense of ethical measures. The element of choice is essential. However, when making choices, one must consider moral, humanitarian and social purpose of the choice and law (Gallagher, 2012, p. 7). For instance, sale of human bodies for other purpose like witchcraft, sexual activities, child labor, and other forms of discrimination should not be treated as sale of human organs or donation for transplant. One form of human trafficking that leads to discrimination on human beings is slavery and sexual manipulation. Discrimination can be described as unequal or unjust treatment of individuals or groups of people based on their human attributes. Discrimination may be differential treatment or disparate impact. This is witnessed where people are captured or

Did asteroids kill the dinosaurs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Did asteroids kill the dinosaurs - Coursework Example Many scientists currently believe that a large asteroid impact caused such devastation on the planet that nearly all of the higher life forms, including the large dinosaurs, were killed off. This is evidenced by a large crater found outside of Chicxulub, Mexico, which is also known as the Yucatan crater because it is found at the end of the Yucatan peninsula. At first, however, the main source of evidence for this theory was the existence of a layer of irridium dust found in many places all over the planet. This element is not commonly found in large amounts on the Earth's surface, and its presence in a single band at a similar depth in a number of different soils could mean that a large asteroid containing irridium crashed into the Earth and scattered dust all over the planet (York 2006). When the Chicxulub crater was eventually found, it turned out to be an elongated crater from a hit that most likely involved a low angle of impact. This further supports the irridium evidence since the low angle of impact means that the asteroid would have basically exploded, sending its pieces flying, as well as throwing up a huge cloud of dust and debris (Hecht 1996). The asteroid theory states that the dinosaurs would have been killed as a result of this dust cloud. The dust cloud was so enormous as to have risen into the atmosphere and been swept around the planet by the circulating air currents. The sunlight would be blocked out by this dust cloud, reducing the ability of plants to photosynthesise and create energy off of which they could live. Since plants are at the bottom of nearly all of the food chains on Earth, without the energy provided to them through photosynthesis, animal life struggled to find enough food. Most of the dinosaur species were large and heavy, requiring huge amounts of plant life to support their energy needs; as the plants died out, so did the dinosaurs, leaving only the relatively much smaller mammals and birds. In addition, this cloud caused t he temperature all over the planet to drop, directly killing off many dinosaur species (York 2006). However, no actual physical evidence exists that the asteroid which struck at Chicxulub was responsible for those changes. The fossil record of that era is scarce, and some of what does exist suggests a much longer and drawn-out extinction event than is usually suggested with the asteroid extinction theory. This claim, though, is based on studies performed in the Far East, especially China, which is far from the suggested impact site. Perhaps the fossil record at this location suggests a slower extinction because it is far from the impact crater and so the climate changes and plant life die-off happened slower (Zhao et al. 2008). Climate change is another suggestion for what could have killed off the dinosaurs. Most dinosaurs were what is known as ecothermic reptiles, taking in their heat from the environment rather than making it themsevles as mammals and birds do. In addition to the direct effects of the temperature dropping, the climate change would also have affected plant life in the same way that climate change after the asteroid would have. However, the ultimate cause of this climate change, other than if it were caused by the

Islamic Architecture in India

Islamic Architecture in India Introduction India is vast in culture and traditions, nature, religions, languages rich with historical monuments with vernacular architectures. Taj Mahal is one such wonderous monument structures built by ShahJahan as tomb in memory of his adored wife, Mumtaj Mahal. Taj Mahal is renowned for its glorious Indo-Islamic architectural presence in style, shape, color, location of the monument and material used to construct it. It is one of the eighth wonder of worlds famous monuments and appreciated by its visitors interests for their insight into its culture, time and history of the monument. Therefore, Taj Mahal architecture can be renowned as the largest model combination of the derivative of Byzantine, Persian, Indian and Islamic architecture. The Indo-Islamic architecture takes live in form with the slave dynasty in India. It is credited to Mughal dynasty in Pakistan and India, the field of arts and architecture who gave special care to raise historical monuments in India. The earliest monuments what we find in India are the recycled material of the existing Jain, Buddha and Hindu monuments. The Islamic architecture was then fostered by the Delhi Sultanate and achieved excellence by the Mughal contributions. The Background of Islamic Architecture in India The Persian dynasties dating back to 500 BCE has seen many Islamic faith dynasties. Throughout the ruling dynasties, Persia (modern Iran) has modeled as center for many art, architecture, poetry and philosophy. Persia is well known for its trade since pre-historic times. The Silk Route acts as bridge between distant lands for trade, religious and material culture. The business also spread to main lands of central Asia, including Armenia, Georgia, and India. Persia has also seen developmental fronts in architecture which spread many Asian countries as did business too. The climate, the influence of people, available material, religious purpose and peripheral cultures, and patrons also played a important role in the development of architecture (Mehraby).The magnificent architectural buildings take inspiration from the landscape, snow-capped mountains, valleys, and wide shining plains which conceived and accomplished novel ideas for building artifacts while mountains serve both physical and mental sources of inspirations in Iranian architecture.Thus, Beauty is regarded divine for ancient Persian civilizations. The Architectural Intentions of the Taj Mahal Taj Mahal traces its architecture as rooted with Islamic conjectures. Though the Persian or the Islamic civilization was not the first to concentrate their architecture on religious themes, it was a strong feature among Byzantine architects. The Byzantine Architecture records the religious buildings and their designs as achievements of the Byzantine Empire. The most remarkable example at Constantinople is Hagia Sophia, a Christian church at Constantinople (the present Istanbul) is a massive and ornamental church represents the glory of the Byzantine Empire. The architectural intentions also note the power factor in Islamic architecture. The Islamic dynasties believe in spreading Islam and glorify to God by articulating through mosques, unmatching historical monuments and palaces of excellent beauty. To achieve this, they desire and acquire power to patronage architecture. The Islamic architecture spread as far as Egypt and North Africa, Spain, and Persia. Then, they developed their unique style by combining the arts of the Byzantines, the Copts, the Romans, and the Sassanids. This unique style specializes in fusing the native design elements with imported ones. Taj Mahal suffices this stance. The memories of Mumtaj Mahal are spread all over the world symbolizing his love for her. The uniqueness of this monument is its dome structure which is feature of Byzantine architecture. The abstract designs are noteworthy of Persian architecture, the floral designs and painting goes to Safavid style, the location of the building is also an important factor which totally reiterates the presence of chief Persian architecture. Communicating spirituality is yet another perspective attributed to Islamic Architecture. This perspective has been practiced among sages, philosophers, poets, and spiritual masters of Islamic countries. The disciple of proliferating Islamic law through the pursuit of knowledge, reflections on reality of nature beyond appearance, disciplined prayer is also reflected on their architecture. The stone flowers of the Taj Mahal gives a picture of realism fascinating the visitor with their grace and colorful freshness, (Okado and Joshi). The Taj Mahals mention to paradise can be seen in the motif of flowers carved on the funerary chambers of the mausoleum, as well as on the plinths of the inner iwan, where flowers and roses symbolize the Kingdom of Allah, (Bin and Rasdi). The Byzantines architecture also followed similar organizing principles. Whereas the Christian religious worship place and its design corresponds to the religion. Therefore, symbolism also played a significant role in the evolution of the form of the monuments. During the Byzantine period the Church itself became a symbol of the faith. The master piece of Indo-Islamic Architectural style, the beauty of the Taj Mahal, inspires numerous artists from all over the world. To this, Okada and Joshi (1993) relates to the four canals to the four rivers of Paradise referred in the Holy Quran. The symbolic nature of the garden and the canals at Taj Mahal is considered the funereal nature of the monument and the Quran inscription located on the southern entrance wall of the main Gate gives undeniable credibility to the comparison of the Taj Mahal with the Garden of Paradise, this inscription says: (It will be said to the pious): O (you) the one in (complete) rest and satisfaction! Come back to your Lord, well-pleased (yourself) and well-pleasing unto him! Enter you, then, among My honored slaves, And enter you My Paradise! The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Fajr: 89:27-30 Therefore, it is notable to see the students of Islamic architecture enduring Taj Mahal as an incomparable monument in Persian origin. The Architecture, Structure of Taj Mahal The Byzantine and Islamic architecture share a common style of architecture, the dome. The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is in response to the Islamic architecture which shows the influence of Byzantine architecture imparted as the dome style passed on to the Islamic architecture. It is also known as Persian dome. Today, it is called the Onion Dome. This architecture advancement of the use of dome is accredited formed a new style in global architecture. The most celebrated example is the Taj Mahal (A.D. 1630) built by Mughal Dynasty in India. But, this is not new to Indian architecture. The well known Buddhist Stupa at Sanchi, India 4th to 1st century BCE is a commemorative monument associated with preserving sacred relics. Not only these, the Mauryan kingdom (c. 321-185 BCE) in India also fortify their cities with Stupas, Viharas, and temples were constructed, (Kumar). The Taj Mahal consists of sixteen chambers, eight chambers each on two levels that contain the octagonal funerary chamber overcome by a surbased inner dome. The funerary chamber consists of the tombs of Mumtaj Mahal and Shah Jahan together, adorned by a baluster of delicately perforated marble and studded with semiprecious stones, (Okado and Joshi). Persians focused their efforts on reviewing their architecture in barrel vaulting, crenallated roofs, conical squinches, big bricks, oval arches and different designed brick work or now and again platerworks over bricks. Though the architecture is traced to 3000 years, the design elements of Persian architecture like high-arched portal set within a recess, columns with bracket capitals, columned porch or talar, a dome on four arches, a vast ovoid arch in the entrance, a four iwan courtyard, early towers reaching up toward the sky, an interior court and pool, an angled entrance and extensive decorations display their distinctive structural designs, (Mehraby). The Structure The intended tomb is made of large white marble structure standing on a square plinth beam consisting of a symmetrical building with an iwan (arch-shaped doorway) presented with a large dome and finial at the top. Franà §ois Bernier noted how the centre of every arch is adorned with white marble slabs whereon are inscribed large Arabian characters in black marble. This structure styling reflects Persian architecture. The base is multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners creating an unequal octagon of approximately 55 meters on all the four long sides. On each of these sides, a massive pishtaq, or a vaulted archway, frames the iwan with two similarly shaped, arched balconies stacked on either side forming a symmetrical shape on all sides of the building. There are four minarets frame the tomb and the main chamber houses the false graves of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. The actual graves are located at a lower level. The top of the dome is fancily decorated with a lotus design. The columned bases open through the roof of the tomb and provide light to the interior. Tall decorative spires (guldastas) extend from edges of base walls, and provide visual emphasis to the height of the dome. The dome and chattris are topped by a gilded finial, which mixes traditional Persian and Hindu decorative elements, (Wiki). Even the tenure of Byzantine architecture, the discovery of pendentives and dome on pendentives changed the expertise for constructing churches and eased the procedure during the Byzantine period. The bronze make of moon and its horns pointing upwards, the heavenward in trident shape clearly indicates the mixing of Persian and Hindu decorations. The symbolic meaning can be derived as Hindu symbol of Shiva. The minarets are 40 meters tall; each minaret dividing into three equal parts by two working balconies surmounted by a chattri that mirrors the design of a lotus design topped by a gilded finial, (Wiki). The subsequent Islamic architecture in India signifies in the form of Mosques and tombs facade beautification is the main form. The evolution of the dome style as called the basic cube and hemisphere terminology in past architecture was later brought into excellence at some stage in the Mughal Period. The experts say that Taj Mahal replicates Humayuns tomb before the blueprint for Taj Mahal was formed. The best examples for the Indo-Islamic Architecture are the Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur, Agra Fort, Buland Darwaza, Qutab Minar and Safdarjang Tomb. Hambly (1964) writes the architecture of Taj Mahal to be of Safavid style in his Cities of Mughal India which accounts the amazing factors of Mughal dynasty. Safavid is yet another dynasty which ruled Persia during 1499-1722 B.C.E. Safavid has great deal of finest works of metal art works like arms, armor, candle stand, helmets, drinking vessels, and wine bowls. Ruggiero notes the events during the Safavids, networks of caravansaries were constructed to facilitate transportation and promote trade since Persia was business center for many countries then, (Hambly). The calligraphy on the large pishtaq is definite work of Safavid. Anon says, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan conferred Amanat Khan title for his work for his dazzling virtuosity. This inscription from the Quran can be found underneath the interior dome are the inscription, Written by the insignificant being, Amanat Khan Shirazi.. Not only this, the calligraphy found on the marble grave is attended in detail and delicate. Historical, Societal and Cultural Importance of Islamic Architecture Haider (2002) studies the Islamic architecture along the fourfold phenomenon activity of societal implications namely, the dwelling imperative, the functional imperative, the constructive imperative and aesthetic imperative; these principles also project our images, expectations, definitions, and critique of Islamic architecture. Functional importance of any building under this architecture marks as symbolic or a marker or an icon or a monument fundamental to uphold the longing remembrances and therefore, indicate meaning of a society. If we can cross these societal manifestations against the architectural intentions, a more focused and prolific discussion can be formed. Our study on Taj Mahal is one such productive result of these crossing. If we can view Islam as religion and as historical observable fact of power and patronage and inclined to seek the aesthetic imperative and symbolic expression in architecture, the focus is more likely on Taj Mahal. Conclusion The Mughal courts established in Pakistan and India were occupied by poets and calligraphy artists from Persia who took flight from their very little home country to fortune earning in India. The constructions what we see of Mughal dynasty is the work of these Iranians who were the special guidance of the Mughal Empire who gave attention for very detail to raise monuments for the public to praise the Islamic architecture. The Islamic architecture holds its generosity in various monuments found mostly in India. They portray their love for art and inturn to God. Their thrust to spread the fame is notable. We see every dynasty or the empire have their own set of values, cultures and traditions. These impacts are also well noticeable in their architectures. Therefore, the Islamic architecture is symbolic of the architecture they produce. Work Cited Books Amina Okada and M.C. Joshi. (1993). Taj Mahal. Abbeville press Guido Ruggiero. (2002). A companion to the worlds of the Renaissance. Wiley-Blackwell Roger Savory. (2008). Iran Under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press Franà §ois Bernier (1996). Travels in the Mogul Empire 1656-1668. Asian Educational Service Raj Kumar. (2003). Essays on Indian art and architecture: History and culture series. Discovery publishing house Journal Mohamad Tajuddin Bin and Haji Mohamad Rasdi. (2008). Reconstructing the idea of Islamic architecture: restructuring the academic framework and design approach within the perspective of the Sunnah. The Journal of Architecture, 13:3(6). pp 297 315. Online Sources Mehraby, Rahman. http://www.destinationiran.com/Architecture.htm Okado and Joshi. http://www.islamicart.com/library/empires/india/taj_mahal.html Bin and Rasdi. http://www.islamicart.com/library/empires/india/taj_mahal.htmlAnon. The Taj Mahal. Islamic architecture. Islamic Arts and Architecture Organization. Accessed on 25 Nov 2009. http://www.islamicart.com/library/empires/india/taj_mahal.html. General Information about Iranian Architecture. Accessed on 25 Nov 2009. http://www.destinationiran.com/Architecture.htm Introduction of Islamic architecture to India. Accessed on 27 Nov 2009 http://www.india9.com/i9show/Taj-Mahal-19777.htm Byzantine Architecture. Accessed on 25 Nov 2009. http://library.thinkquest.org/C005594/Medieval/byzantine.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_architecture

International Eugenics Essay -- Sociology

Throughout the history of international relations, the study of human diversity has held a key role in establishing the political principles and recognized shared culture that defines nationhood. Nations have traditionally been associated with a specific geographic location and political ideology, but they also have ethnical identifiers associated with this shared culture. These ethnical identifiers were thrust onto the world stage during the end of the nineteenth century with the introduction of the study of eugenics. The purpose of this study is to examine the historiography of the eugenics movement as it occurred globally, providing a comparative survey of programs, legislation and ideologies in multiple nation settings. In order to provide a global comparative study of international eugenic programs and ideologies, several disciplines will be followed, focusing on four major terms used to delineate eugenics, â€Å"population, quality, territory, and nation.† Although eugenics has been seriously examined by historians since the 1960’s, international comparisons are a recent addition to the field of research, emerging near the end of the twentieth century. Even as these comparative studies become more popular, the majority of this research focuses on eugenics in Britain, Germany, and the United States. For these reasons, this study will attempt to highlight the movement outside of the Western world only drawing on their historiography as precedents throughout the global community. In 1963, Mark H. Haller published Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought. As the first major history of American eugenics, Haller encapsulated the movement and only hinted at the biological doctrines of the Nazi’s and Soviet Union. Haller... ...155. Stepan, Nancy. The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), 4. Broberg, Gunnar, and Nils Roll-Hansen. Eugenics and the Welfare State: Sterilization Policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland. (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1996), 2. Dikà ¶tter, Frank. Imperfect Conceptions: Medical Knowledge, Birth Defects, and Eugenics in China. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), 2. Cleminson, Richard. Anarchism, Science, and Sex: Eugenics in Eastern Spain, 1900-1937. (Oxford: New York: P. Lang, 2000), 11. Chung, Yuehtsen Juliette. Struggle for National Survival: Eugenics in Sino-Japanese Contexts, 1896-1945. (New York: Routledge, 2002), 145. Bucur, Maria. Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar Romania. (Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2002), 5.

Media criticism paper

When he first was signed to his record label and released his debut single, I will admit I was not a huge fan Of his. But as he got older, along with me, and his music started becoming more mainstream, and relatable it was hard not to love him as an artist, plus he got much easier to look at. My love for him peaked in the fall of 201 2 when my best friend and I attended his concert in Portland. It was impossible not to fall in love with him, after spending 3 hours listening to Justine serenade us with songs varying from all four of his albums out at the current time.Since then he has released and acoustic version of his ever popular ‘Believe' album. Justine concerts aren't just him standing on stage singing into a microphone either, he is a performer, and his concert was a production, lots of time and effort goes into each and every show he performs. But Justine is much more than just a pop sensation; he is also a very charitable person. He has donated of millions of dollars to various charities since his rise to stardom. Though recently, he has been getting a lot of negative press, which has been hard for any, if not all of his â€Å"Believers†(what Justine calls his millions of dedicated fans) to hear.Justine is constantly under the media's microscope and every single thing he does get criticized and scrutinized by the paparazzi and by the media. Justine main audience is young, teen girls and with some of the things that the media has accused him of doing recently have parents keeping girls from going to his concerts. For being less than two decades old, Justine Bibber has done more charity work than most kids his age will do in their entire lives. Although he has made more money in the short time he has been in the footlight than most people would know what to do with, he does a great deal of good with all that dough.Most recently, in wake of the devastating typhoon in the Philippines, â€Å"Justine Bibber is finally using his fame for good- by turning his love for graffiti into hard cash for a Philippines typhoon relief group†(Jiffies). Bibber posted a picture to his Mainstream of him next to the ‘Pray 4 Philippines' graffiti he made. It has been reported that Justine is to sell Off the cans Of spray paint he used, along with a signed picture of the painting o help raise money for Typhoon Hanna (Jiffies). But tagging the walls of L. A. Is not the only charity Justine Bibber does.Just this summer he granted his 20th Make-a-Wish Foundation. At one of his meet and greets during his Atlanta concert in August, Justine met an eight year old girl with a life threatening liver condition. She got to ask him a series of question and at the very end she asked him to marry her, only to have him get down on one knee and pretend propose to her himself. This was the 20th Make-a-Wish Bibber had granted, the most by any recording artist ever (Acacias). In addition, Justine Bibber donates one dollar from every concert tour tic ket to charity.From the two tours he's been on, it comes out to be 13 million dollars (Earthman). Those are just a few of the good deeds the young pop star has done since his rise to fame, he has also founded/supported 14 different charities and 17 various causes (Justine Bibber). Like every teenage boy, Justine has recently been caught â€Å"experimenting† with different substances. The only problem with him doing so rather than every other teen, is he has constant microscope over him watching his every eve, and scrutinizing every thing he does.Earlier this year reports surfaced that Bibber has allegedly been caught smoking weed. His tour bus was raided in Sweden when the police thought drugs Were being used inside. Reports say that the officers found â€Å"narcotics† on the bus but there were no charges, as the police couldn't determine who they belonged to. Justine was also allegedly caught one time before this for the use of marijuana but biblically and comically a pologized to fans during a skit while hosting Saturday Night Live in February (Marcus). S normal for every college age kid to drink or try pot (not legally of course, but it still happens), but Justine has to endure the wrath of the media because he such a big star. Bibber has been criticized for all sorts of mischievous things recently like, going to clubs, supposedly spitting on his fans, peeing in a mop bucket, reckless driving of expensive sports cars, attacking a London paparazzi and many more. These sorts of activities are leaving parents of young fans wondering if Justine is a good role model/ icon and wondering what sorts of messages and values he is sending to his monger fan base.Being born and raised in Canada, permits drinking and club-going at age 18, so he has been legal there for over a year, but he cannot partake in those types of behaviors in the US, where he lives and owns a house in Calabash, California. The most recent scandal surrounding Bibber is the wild party he threw at his California home this past weekend. TOM reports that Justine threw a â€Å"Gatsby like† party at his home, that was â€Å"FILLED with naked chicks† thought to be stripers that he was â€Å"tipping like a Pro†. He was said to have dropped $10,000 in cash on all the girls.

The Physics of Ultrasound Essay - 888 Words

Without the use of physics in the medical field today, diagnosis of problems would be challenging, to say the least. The world of medical imaging in particular has benefited greatly from the use of physics. Ultrasound is sound waves that have a frequency above human audible. (Ultrasound Physics and Instrument 111). With a shorter wavelength than audible sound, these waves can be directed into a narrow beam that is used in imaging soft tissues. As with audible sound waves, ultrasound waves must have a medium in which to travel and are subject to interference. In addition, much like light rays, they can be reflected, refracted, and focused. In general, ultrasound waves produced by an instrument called transducer are sent into a†¦show more content†¦With direct current, if the pressure is applied to the disk, voltage is produced; if the alternately current can also be used, in which case the disk alternately expands and contracts. Based on the principle of the piezoelectric, a lternating pressure on the disk likewise produces an alternating voltage. (Farr and Allisy-Roberts 185-86). Transducers are used in either pulsed or continuous wave modes, corresponding to the use of direct current or alternating current, respectively. Pulsed modes are basically used for imaging, while continuous wave modes are primarily used for therapy. In a continuous wave mode, the disk on the transducer expands and contracts back and forth, creating a continuous wave with the same frequency as the vibrating the transducer. Because the velocity of sound changes as it encounters objects of differing densities, the wavelength of the ultrasound changes proportionally, since the frequency is held the same. Thus, if a transducer is operating at 3.5 MHz, the wavelength of the ultrasound wave through average soft tissue in which sound has a velocity of about 1540 m/s. Accordingly, although the transducer is capable of emitting any frequency, the frequency at which it produces the large st amount of ultrasound is the frequency at which the ultrasound waves constructively interfere with one another; that is, the waves are in phase with each other and therefore their amplitude add up.Show MoreRelated The Physics of Ultrasounds Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesThe Physics of Ultrasounds Without the use of physics in the medical field today, diagnosis of problems would be challenging, to say the least. The world of medical imaging in particular has benefited greatly from the use of physics. Ultrasound is sound waves that have a frequency too high for humans to hear. With a shorter wavelength than audible sound, these waves can be directed into a narrow beam that is used in imaging soft tissues (Farr and Allisy-Roberts 183). 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