The Issue Of The Council Essay - 1364 Words

The council was delayed many times due to the plague, the threat of war and politics. In total the Council of Trent discussed and debated these issues for 5 years and 1 month. Many different people came to each of these sessions to discuss the matters. The first period, was between 1545-1549, sessions one through to eight. 30-70 prelates showed up per session. Approximately 100 members had a recognised, deliberate vote. There were 5 cardinals, 76 bishops, 12 archbishops, 3 abbots, and 6 generals of the religious order. Most were Italian, some were Spanish, and there were a few who came from other Catholic lands. The second period, was between 1551-1552, sessions nine through to 14. 44 and 51 prelates came, with a total of about 59 prelates. 13 German bishops were represented. Electoral archbishops of Trier, Cologne and Mainz came to the meetings and delegations were sent by the Lutheran states. In the third period was between 1562-1564 ,sessions 15 through to 25. 270 bishops in total attended the meetings, make it the most attended period out of the three. 187 of the bishops were Italian, 31 were Spanish, 26 were French, and bishops from other Catholic lan ds also attended. 255 prelates and procurators signed the final decree, after just over five years in all of sitting at the table to discuss the Church’s issues. Below show what a Cardinal, abbot,archbishop and a general from a religious order looks like. Martin Luther The reformation was initiated and shaped by oneShow MoreRelatedIssues Faced By The House Council Essay732 Words   |  3 PagesIssues faced by In-house Council: In day to day practice the councils come across various issues whereby their role as a professional and professional ethics are in conflict. These can be: Divergent interests: A lawyer is at times faced with the question of whether to represent two or more clients whose interest is in conflict. However, aside from his ethical obligations, the legal systems of the world generally prohibit a lawyer from representing a client whose interests’ conflict with those ofRead MoreInternational Security And Peace Management1301 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) occupies the position of leading supranational entity in charge of upholding international security and peace. Members of the UN Security Council vote on various global security and peace issues. Debates ranges on the functional effectiveness of UN Security Council in the maintenance of International security and peace. Controversy also ranges on the democratic representativeness of the UN Security Council, particularly in the election of membersRead MoreBuzzed Driving Is Drunk Driving1403 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Issue Campaign: â€Å"Buzzed Driving is Drunk Driving† In the United States approximately every 52 minutes there is a fatality caused by drinking and driving. 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As a result the presence of a works council today is a very common method of representative participation. The term works council applies to any body that represents the interests ofRead MoreThe City Hall Building Stand Out1290 Words   |  6 PagesPossible Improvements there are quite a few point are easily noticeable. The meeting under consideration took place at John Ferraro Council Chamber room 340, City Hall 200 North Spring Street, Los Angeles, CA 90012 starting at 10:00 a.m. The meeting began well with welcoming remarks from the Speaker and a roll call from the Clerk. There were eleven members of the council present during the meeting. 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The National Council for Behavioral Health prides itself on being the unifying voice of Americaâ€⠄¢s mental health and addictions treatment organizations. Partnered with approximately 2,500 member organizations, the National Council claims to be committed to all Americans having access to high-quality, comprehensiveRead MoreHousing Affordability in Australia Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation growth in the region continues. The issue has come to the forefront in discussions for local governments in the region and there is a real need to address the problem of housing affordability. The subject of affordability is complex and is contributed to by a number of factors including the impost created by Council processes, which is the scope of the HAF-T5 Project. The need to reduce these imposts is a key driver for continued improvement in Council processes to streamline the approval ofRead MoreEssay On The European Union923 Words   |  4 PagesBrexit Negotiations European Council Formally established in 2009, the European Council is not a branch of the United Nations, but a branch of the European Union, a 28-member political and economic union based in Europe. The goal of the European Council is to define the European Union’s, or EU’s, overall political direction and priorities. It is not a legislative body of the EU and therefore does not negotiate or adopt EU laws. Alternatively, the European Council defines the EU’s policy agendaRead MorePolicy And Program : Setting The Context1454 Words   |  6 Pageswhere roots need to be up-kept. Fairfield City Council strongly identifies with its cultural demographic and positions its role as one of facilitation, and support, in managing and maintaining its ethnically diverse community. At present, council is actively engaged in a range of initiatives that ultimately seek to achieve an effective settlement process majority of which are accomplished under its Social and Cultural Development Unit within council. Council supports a society that functions tolerably

Happiness - Synthesis Essay - 1281 Words

Mahatma Gandhi one defined happiness as â€Å"when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.† Barring any better definition of happiness from either positive psychologists, self-help gurus, or any other academic source, I tend to think this is a great summation of the definition of happiness. Gandhi doesn’t say anything about how these things make you feel, rather looks at it from a point of view of harmony between thoughts, expressions, and actions. Since one single accepted definition of happiness doesn’t seem to exist, and happiness is different for everyone, this begs the question; how can you increase your own personal level of happiness? Since WW II psychologist have been studying our brains as they pertain to our†¦show more content†¦Gratification comes from any even that engages us fully. Seligman claims that â€Å"†¦individuals may find gratification in participating in a great conversation, fixing a bike, reading a good book†¦or accomplishing a difficult task at work.† (Seligman, Parks, and Steen 419) Senior also states that â€Å"doing something that engages or enhances our strengths is a gratification, whether it’s swimming, welding, or listening to a friend in need.† (Senior 428) It is interesting to note that engagement activities aimed at increasing happiness are not always enjoyable in and of themselves. Seligman notes that â€Å"consider, for example, the gratification that comes from training for an endurance even such as a marathon. At any given point during the grueling event, a runner may be discouraged or exhausted or even in physical pain; however, they may describe the overall experience as intensely gratifying.† (Seligman, Parks, and Steen 419) From this we see that gratification may help enhance our overall happiness, not through the activity itself, but from the feeling of accomplishment or well-being we experience as the end result. The t hird route to increasing happiness comes through meaning which is comprised mainly of the four basic values of faith, family, community, and work. (The NY Times) This avenue boosts happiness through a sense of being part of a higher thing that ourselves. â€Å"40 percent of married Americans describe themselves as ‘very happy’ compared with justShow MoreRelatedTopics for Cause and Effect Essays702 Words   |  3 Pages Cause and Effect Essay Topics A cause and effect essay aims at explaining the reasons and results of an event or situation. †¢ It is one the most popular essay types in the academic world. †¢ It is beneficial for a student to write a cause and effect essay because it propels him to think of the situation in depth to come up with the reasons for the birth of that situation and its eventual impact on everything it affects. †¢ It encourages the mind to think analytically and investigate a situationRead More An Analysis of Arnolds Essay, The Function of Criticism at The Present Time1226 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand Arnold’s essay we should first understand the title of the essay. As we notice that Matthew Arnold associates criticism with one function not many functions, but which function? He also mentions that this function of criticism is limited within a specific and particular time which is the present time and the past or the future time. Therefore, answering the questions of function and time of criticism goes with analyzing Matthew Arnold‘s essay through my reading of his essay. It becomes clearRead MoreMill s Utilitarianism : Utilitarianism1251 Words   |  6 Pagesa bulletproof theory. J.S. Mill’s Principle of utility, also known as the greatest happiness principle, is an ethical philosophy that looks at the development of morals and how people choose to follow these morals. The basis of Utilitarianism is the idea that our morals are designed to create the most amount of happiness while minimizing the amount of pain felt. Mill’s utilitarianism looks at everyone’s happiness as equal, with individual actions concerning the feelings of everyone equally. UtilitarianismRead MoreThe Relationship Between Education and Ones Identity965 Words   |  4 PagesAngelous Graduation and Mike Roses I Just Wanna Be Average certainly proves. Just how ones education influences ones identity, however, is intrinsically related to the importance of an identity. An analysis of each of these texts demonstrates a synthesis of reasons for why identification is so important. For Malcolm X, his identity as a champion of rights for African Americans and later on as a proponent for the virtues of true Islam is firmly rooted in a degree of articulation, and intelligenceRead MoreUtilitarianism And Its Ethical Approach1709 Words   |  7 Pagesultimate goal of moral action is achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.† This objective is also considered as the cornerstone of all legislation that should therefore be beneficial for all individuals in society and guiding criterion of every social institution. 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As a Christian, I strongly recommend that people should follow what the Bible has told us and listen to our God’s commands. Because the knowledge that Bible gives us will have a good and profound influence on our lives and help us out in many situations. During the process of reading Bible, we may gain much wisdomRead MoreCurse Essay In English964 Words   |  4 Pageslowly peasant. The difference is that to condescend is to look down on someone unhelpfully. Patronizing is similar but is done in a more helpful and humble manner. Although they are close, there is a certain distinguish. Synthesis   Ã‚  Ã‚   Ineffable is inexpressible, this could be happiness, sadness, pain, etc. Some examples of ineffable feelings are losing someone dear to your heart, having a knife stabbed into you,being lied to or betrayed, getting married, or dying. Some example of specious ideas are emailsRead More100 Essay Topics1545 Words   |  7 Pagest100 ESSAY AND JOURNAL TOPICS Ken Stewart Chapel Hill High School Chapel Hill, North Carolina Journal writing is an informal approach to developing students’ writing skills. The assessment is primarily based on improvement and completing a minimum number of pages (5 pages skipping lines) by the established deadline. My feedback to students is focused on interaction with what they have written as opposed to correcting syntax or orthography. Since this is a dialogue journal, I respect the confidentialRead MoreEssay on Jordan Belfort1106 Words   |  5 Pagesclear nowadays that leaders have persuaded the human behavior and has had an impact on individuals within society to better themselves. With connection to sub-topics from self-study and personal experience as both an employee and a customer, this essay will provide a synopsis of Jordan Belfort’s life, critically analyse the strengths a As time proceeded his career progressed and Jordan started to live the party lifestyle lived by many of those in his business and social circles. Consequently this

Privacy and Information Technology Essay Example For Students

Privacy and Information Technology Essay Geoffrey GravesMG3700 Mid Term Exam 4/24/2000 In order to produce an upwards swing in revenue, Toy World must track its customers buying trends with more accuracy and more detail. The Point of Sale system that they are currently working from can be improved and made to reduce after-market inventory. Trend data can be used for a wide variety of purposes. One of the first problems is the store design and layout of items. Sale items and hot merchandise must be as strategically positioned as possible to allow a prospective customer to locate and remove the item from the shelf quickly and painlessly. Data can be compared with toy descriptions after analysis of the item, and research of the toys advertisements and media exposure. Also by doing this, under- stocking and over-stocking shelves can be prevented. A hot toy can be kept in stock if the retailer orders a large quantity ahead of time after POS analysis. What of the items that dont sell much when the POS data is analyzed? The system should be able compute the quantity to order, to keep in the stock room, or to totally remove the item from inventory. 2.) At the snap-shot of this case, Toy Worlds tactical strategic position was decent and had room for expansion, but the tactical position was lacking in many areas. If you ask the CIO of any successful company that has been around for about 25 years, he will agree that for maximum results and increased overall cash inflow, a large portion of the budget should be spent on IT. More funds towards improvement of the POS system would have increased revenue two or even threefold. Much of the data network at Toy World is too slow to handle the amount of traffic necessary to sufficiently analyze POS information. From IT Planning (Exhibit 5) the MIS spending plan as a fraction of sales, decreases from 0.9% in 1987 to 0.8% in 1988, around $4000. This shows a clear lack of good prediction when this % of sales data is compared with the revenue (Exhibit 3) of $10 million. IT spending could have been increased by 50%, (1.8-2.0) percent from 1986 to 1987 with practically no negative side effects. Strategically, the company was looking towards the future of sales. One of the major ideas that were worked into Toy Worlds electronic future was e-commerce. If they were to win that race, the sales would predictably skyrocket. Toys are the perfect product to purchase online for tech savvy moms and dads at Christmas time. Though the technological problems were many, Toy World was still a leader in toys manufacturing and sale. 3.) As the CIO of Toy World, I would have a comprehensive and competent staff working in a team-oriented workplace. The new management team positions would be Systems Analysts would be hired in order to redesign the POS system. The system would keep the same base coding and structure but certain descriptive items must be added to the data analysis. This team would be in charge of analyzing the system and would work closely with the team of programmers to design the best way to integrate additions to the POS system. The Lead Programmers would work closely with the Systems Analysts with the intent of upgrading the IT systems of Toy World. They must be competent in ANSI C, C++, SQL, Visual Basic, ORACLE, UNIX (AIX), and any other database systems. Web Support and Development Experts would be in charge of an E-commerce storefront and the development of a company website. This team of web savvy programmers and web designers would maintain the web system and servers. Democracy Essay The team would also update .

The rise of the qin dynasty Essay Example

The rise of the qin dynasty Essay The role/importance of Qin Shi Huang in early China Today China is a great industrial power, its rapid economic growth over the past few decades have been very remarkable. Almost everything is made in China, almost every United States citizen can be seen with at least one consumer item from the country. But this country was not always this great economic power. Long before China became the great power it is today, long before it was even a country, China was secluded from the outside world. Chinese history primarily focused on inner China because the surrounding area contained a very hostile environment. This independence thrust on the Chinese from its seclusion serves to explain how the Chinese developed a unique and independent civilization. Even within China, the country was never a unified state in ancient times. Rather, it was divided into dozens of independent Chinese states. However, after centuries of fghting, seven major kingdoms emerged, the most important being the kingdom of Qin. It was within this kingdom that Wang Ying Chen unified China after years of ruthless fighting. Under this king, China was, for the first time ever, unified under one ruler. When Wang came into power, his title as king was not good enough, so he renamed himself Shih Huang D, which means first emperor. Through his reign, he made China a greater power economically, politically and socially. Before his rule, China was not politically stable, so to avoid political chaos, conquered states could not be referred to as independent nations. Shih Huang Di then divided his empire into thirty six commanderies. These administrative units served well for China, for they made China more organized. And what made this system so unique was that it was different from what previous dynasties had done. We will write a custom essay sample on The rise of the qin dynasty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The rise of the qin dynasty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The rise of the qin dynasty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Previous dynasties had used loose alliances and federations, which did not do the country well. Moreover, government appointments were no longer based on nepotism but rather on merit. This eliminated any corrupt activity within the government that would Jeopardize the country in any way. The first emperor of China was also responsible for unifying China economically. He standardized units of measurements for weight and measures. Moreover, he standardized the currency. And more importantly, he helped establish an extensive network of roads and canals that facilitated trade and contributed to the economic ell-being of the country. But most of all, under his rule, the Chinese script was unified. This made the communication system of China completely unified. These accomplishments were important in establishing China as a better country. China would not be the same if it were not for Qin Shih Huang. The influence he had over Chinese culture can not be doubted. Outline l. Intro a. China wasnt always as great as it was today b. Ancient times: not unified c. First emperor II. Political influence a. Standardized currency b. Network of roads c. Effect IV. Social influence a. Communication system V. Conclusion

Poetry and Lady Essays

Poetry and Lady Essays Poetry and Lady Essay Poetry and Lady Essay I have chosen the poem, Lady Feeding the Cats by Douglas Stewart, to explore how the poet has used Australian visions to explore ideas about Australia. Douglas Stewart a poet who brings texts to life and shapes meaning giving them a distinctly visual image. He conveys this by using visual imagery and descriptive language in his poems this is conveyed in Lady feeding the cat. Lady Feeding the Cats, a poem links to the AOS- Australian Vision. The poem is really meaningful and deep as the cats described the old lady at the end to be a gracious and sweet queen of the cat . The lady in this poem is a poor person who lives in the slum and wears the bedraggled bonnet and clothing but she is the queen in those cats mind. In the poem, Douglas has described Domain and Moreton Bays as a part of Australia; it makes us aware that they lived in Australia and the behaviours from the lady who lives in bad conditions and is a poor person but still treats others well, especially the wild cats. The title, Lady Feeding the Cats, is appropriately chosen as symbolises a sense of volunteering and mateship. As shown in the text it claims that to feed those outlaws, represents and shows a metaphor for the great Australian values of volunteering and mateship. The poem lady feeding the cat has a sense of loneliness and links man and nature. Lady feeding the cat portrays a poor women living in the slums of Sydney and comes to the domain everyday to feed the cats. Stewart uses visual imagery throughout the first stanza â€Å"broken shoes†, slums weather stains. Douglas uses this technique to explain and paint an image in the readers’ head of this women’s economic standing in the world. In the first stanza Douglas uses alliteration Shuffling-shoes-slums All the three words are interconnected showing someone who is ‘shuffling’ generally old – connected to shoes because he is hobbling along – slums shows the person shuffling is not just wearing old shoes but also lives in slums indicating poverty. Douglas Stewart also uses simile by stating like a pine in the rain- often pine trees are not grown very symmetric but rather looks straggly especially when it has been raining and everything is wet and drooping. In the second stanza it says â€Å"they rub at her legs for the bounty that never fails† its shows the connection and the friendship between the lady and the cats exploring the Australians values about the mateship. The lady in this poem gets her salvation from these cats without the cats she would have nothing, the cats also rely on the lady without this lady they would not get fed. The metaphor â€Å"If she has fed their bodies, they have fed more than the body in her†, revels that the lady fed the cats but the cats have fed her with love.

I Never Promised You a Rose Garden by Joanne Greenberg essays

I Never Promised You a Rose Garden by Joanne Greenberg essays I Never Promised You a Rose Garden, by Joanne Greenberg, is a description of a sixteen-year-old girl's battle with schizophrenia, which lasts for three years. It is a semi-autobiographical account of the author's experiences in a mental hospital during her own bout with the illness. This novel is written to help fight the stigmatisms and prejudices held against mental illness. Joanne Greenberg was born in Brooklyn in 1932 and is a very respected and award-winning author. Because of her experiences as a Jewish-American and having fought her own battle with schizophrenia, Greenberg wrote I Never Promised You a Rose Garden to help people understand what it is like have to face so much hardship. After her illness was treated, she went on to earn a bachelor's degree in anthropology and English. Throughout her life, she has fought for the respect and empathy that individuals suffering from both physical and mental handicaps have been denied. Joanne Greenberg presents her experiences by relating them to Deborah Blau. Deborah Blau, who is very bright and artistically talented, creates an imaginary world she calls the Kingdom of Yr, to use as a defense against the confusing and frightening truths of the real world. When Deborah is five, she has an operation to remove a tumor that causes her to be incontinent. This is a very traumatic experience because a great deal of physical pain and shame comes along with the problems caused by the tumor and resulting surgery. Deborah suffers frequent abuse from her anti-Semitic peers and neighbors during her childhood. When Deborah first creates Yr, it is a sort of haven, but as time goes on, the gods of Yr become Deborah's masters and control her every word and action. I Never Promised You a Rose Garden shows the issue of mental illness from several different viewpoints. During Deborah's three years in the hospital, the reader is provided with a glimpse of mental illness from the patient's point of...

The Smartphone Market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Smartphone Market - Assignment Example Sellers constantly upgrade their phones to make it more attractive to the market. Indeed, the fast-changing dynamics of the contemporary market has made it very competitive. The buyers of smartphones are normally young professionals who need to avail its features to maintain an edge with their competitors. The teenagers want to flaunt their new gizmos. The cellphone market is not regulated by the government, except for copyright issues. Consequently, cell phones are not standardized. Â  The smartphone market does not compete on price but the advancing features are its main attractions. Thus, the ease of use, fast internet access with Wi-Fi features, high-resolution camera with a 3G facility, email, huge storage, and music have become some of its critical factors for the buyers. But with huge competition in the market, competing on features alone is not sufficient. Competitive pricing enables the firms to gain a significant advantage in the market. Apart from technical features, green features like using less energy, long battery life, emanating less harmful rays etc. attract customers who support environmental conservation.

Locke and Rousseau on Social Contract Research Paper

Locke and Rousseau on Social Contract - Research Paper Example It is selfish in a way that they did not care for the welfare of other humans. Nevertheless, they were bounded by some natural laws that regulated their behavior. For instance, they were mindful of the rule that they should not hurt each other (Locke 192). They were ought to preserve the existence of humans on earth. Significantly, humans have deemed it necessary and convenient to make a social group (Locke 253). They have actually felt the importance of belongingness -- that is to become part of a human gathering. They have found it convenient to be able to utilize the skills of others to pursue an endeavor. In this sense, humans have learned to become social. They have considered the importance of others to their continued existence. As a consequence, relationships were formed. Forms of interactions have developed. Humans have known each other. They demonstrated ways to help others. In other words, mutual understanding has developed between them. This was the beginning of man to wo man interaction. As cited by Locke, "the first society was between man and wife" (253). This social inclination began the relation between parents and their children (Locke 253). Stated otherwise, the first social institution is the family. Locke specifically referred the family as a conjugal society (253). It is conjugal because the union of man and woman carries with it reciprocal benefits. Mutual assistance and support as well as communion of interests are examples of these benefits (Locke 253). These advantages may have driven humans to form a family. The family therefore is the first form of social group that humans have created. It is the original proof of society’s existence. In a family, humans could find security in all aspects. This finding as proposed by John Locke may have contributed to the present understanding of filial relationship. In another case, Locke included the topic on slavery. He emphasized the fact that slaves are not "part of civil society" (Locke 2 58). In this context, it can be claimed that to be part of civil society, a particular social group must have freedom. This freedom encompasses the right to own, use and enjoy a property. This could mean that an individual belonging to a civil society has the corresponding right to exercise his or her civil rights. To note, the right to own a property belongs to the larger scope of civil rights. As time goes by, humans have found it necessary to protect and preserve their life, liberty and estate (Locke 259). Locke actually considered the three as forms of property (Ashcraft 412). In such case, they formed a political society. In forming this society, the members of the civil society are to surrender some of their natural powers to "the hand of the community" in which they can ask for protection (Locke 260). This protection is made possible by the establishment of a political structure; hence, the creation of the government. This body politic would be the representative of the peopl e as a whole. For this body to be legalized, a majority consent from the community is needed (Laski 16). Locke actually preferred a commonwealth than absolute monarchy. He described the commonwealth as an independent community and not a democracy (Locke 301). For him, a commonwealth has three powers, legislative, executive and federative. These powers are ought to be separated according to Locke. At the end of his treatise, Locke

Inventory Management Essay Example for Free

Inventory Management Essay Inventory is the quantity or total amount of goods and materials in a store or factory for some immediate or some future use. The reasons for holding more than adequate stocks of inventory would be 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to keep business operations running and to meet current orders 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to meet unforeseen demand and to effectively meet customer orders 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to take care of the lead time , ie , the time gap between ordering the stores and   receiving them and place orders accordingly 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to use as a hedge against price increases and inflation and control losses 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to even out erratic demand requirements. Inventory control or inventory management is an attempt to maintain an adequate supply of goods while minimizing inventory costs resulting from obtaining and holding inventory with the purpose of providing information to â€Å"efficiently manage the flow of materials, effectively utilize people and equipment, coordinate internal activities and communicate with the customers.†Ã‚   .   Some of the terminologies related to inventory management are EOQ-Economic Order Quantity   or how much to order SAFETY STOCKS- how much inventory to hold on hand REORDER LEVEL – the minimum levels of stocks at which new order for stocks is to be placed. Visual control –enables the manager to examine the inventory visually and determine if more inventory is required. Tickler control -enables the manager to physically count a small portion of the inventory each day so as to cover the entire range of inventory regularly over several days. Click sheet control is a method whereby the manager records the item as it is used on a sheet of paper. This information is used while determining the reorder levels.   Stub control (used by retailers) enables the manager to retain a portion of the price ticket when the item is sold. The manager can then use the stub to record the item. Point-of-sale terminals relay information on each item used or sold. The manager receives information printouts at regular intervals for review and action. Off-line point-of-sale terminals relay information directly to the suppliers computer who uses the information to ship additional items automatically to the buyer/inventory manager. The final method for inventory control is done by an outside agency. A manufacturers representative visits the large retailer on a scheduled basis, takes the stock count and writes the reorder. Unwanted merchandise is removed from stock and returned to the manufacturer through a predetermined, authorized procedure.

Journalism On The Internet Essay -- Media Journalism Web Cyberspace Es

Journalism on the Internet The common forms of media in today's world each have both advantages and disadvantages. The Internet has been around for an almost equal amount of time as most of them, but only recently has it become a popular way of retrieving information. The Internet takes the best of all other medium and combines them into a very unique form. The Internet is the best way to retrieve information. This combination of paper publishing, TV, radio, telephones, and mail is the future of communications. The internet has several types of journalism which can be defined into three sections. One section is online magazines, online broadcasting, and other online services. The next group is resource files and web pages. The third is discussion groups/forums and e-mail. I will investigate these areas of the net, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each in comparison to the conventional forms. In order to understand what all these topics are you must first understand what the internet is. The simple answer is that it is computers all over the globe connected together by telephone wires. It was first made by the military, "No one owns the Internet", to have a network with no centre. That way it could never be destroyed by nuclear war. Since then, universities have used it and it has evolved into what it is today. It is a library that contains mail, stories, news advertising, and just about everything else. "In a sense, freenets are a literacy movement for computer mediated communication today, as public libraries were to reading for an earlier generation." Now that the term "the net" is understood lets look at some sections of the net. An online magazine is a computer that lets users access it through the net. This computer stores one or more magazines which users can read. "PC magazine and other magazines are available on the Web" "Maclean's Magazine and Canadian Business online; and Reuters' Canadian Newsclips." This form is much better that conventional publishing, "we are using the online service to enhance the print magazine", for several reasons. It is environmentally safe, "Publish without Paper", most are free, "$50 a month on CompuServe", you can get any article from any year at the touch of a button, and you can search for key words. "Search engines make it easy pinpointing just the information you nee... ..., p. 20 Chris Carder, "Sports on the Internet a winner", Toronto Computes, November, (1995), P. 98 Chris Carder, "Sports on the Internet a winner", Toronto Computes, November, (1995), P. 98 Patrick McKenna, "Netscape's Digital Envelope For Internet Transactions", The Computer Paper, September, (1995), p. 90 Patrick McKenna, "Netscape's Digital Envelope For Internet Transactions", The Computer Paper, September, (1995), p. 90 Michael J. Miller, "Where Do I Want to Go Today", PC Magazine, March 28, (1995), P. 75 Doug Bennet, "Confessions of an online publisher", Toronto Computes, November (1995), p. 37 Michael J. Miller, "Where Do I Want to Go Today", PC Magazine, March 28, (1995), P. 75 Bill Kempthorne, "Internet, So What?", The Computer Paper, September, (1995), p. 21 Bill Kempthorne, "Internet, So What?", The Computer Paper, September, (1995), p. 21 Bill Kempthorne, "Internet, So What?", The Computer Paper, September, (1995), p. 21 Sorelle Saidman, "Online Canadian Content Expanding despite Prodigy Setback", Toronto Computes, November, (1995), p. 9 Bill Kempthorne, "Internet, So What?", The Computer Paper, September, (1995), p. 22

Do Schools Kill Creativity?

Dallin Bringhurst February 12, 2013 1st Persuasive Essay There is much anonymity when it comes to knowing who is an Eagle Scout. I feel that an Eagle Scout conducts a life style that represents a good person. The scout law states: â€Å"A scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. † John Proctor holds many traits that are similar to an Eagle Scout. I will focus on three basic aspects of the scout law and how John Proctor relates to them. First, I will relate how John Proctor shows bravery in the face of death. Then, I will argue how he is loyal to his family.Finally, I will demonstrate that he is helpful. These three basic traits are taught inculcation by many leaders in our community. I will now go into further detail on my topics. First, bravery is a rare trait, especially when faced with death. John Proctor demonstrated bravery by standing before a Judge and taking blame for the girls’ bla sphemy behavior. John Proctor says, â€Å"I speak my own sins; I cannot judge another. I have no tongue for it. † (page 131) John Proctor remained brave throughout the trail as he testified before Judge Danforth. He says, â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life!Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! †Ã‚  (page 138) His bravery ultimately led to his fateful death as he was sentenced to be hung. Second, loyalty is something that bonds relationships. Being a loyal person is having high values. I see it as giving up something that can offer immediate happiness for something that has lasting happiness. John Proctor struggled with being loyal to his wife because he had an affair with another woman; he was licentious in his behavior.John becomes more loyal to his wife when she was accused of being a witch. The following quote by John Proctor proves that he is loyal to his wife. He says, â€Å"‘I'll tell you what's walking Salem – vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law! This warrant's vengeance! I'll not give my wife to vengeance! ‘† Act 2, Scene 4, pg. 73. He also says, â€Å"Life, woman, life is God's most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it. † (Act IV).To be loyal is a great attribute in life because it will show how good a person really is. John was a good person for remaining loyal to his wife throughout the trails. Finally, I will talk about being helpful to others by starting off with a quote by Clarence Darrow: â€Å"The best that we can do is to be kindly and helpful toward our friends and fellow passengers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Clarence S. Darrow quotes 1998-2005†). We must be helpful to others who are in need of out help. John Proctor is seen as a very helpful man. In the book he is being found helping his neighbors out with their farms or cutting wood.In conclusion, I have just gone over the three basic attributes that I believe makes a good person. I related how John Proctor continued to be brave when faced with death. Then, I argued how he remained loyal to his wife. Finally, I demonstrated that he is helpful. These three attributes relate to John Proctor in many ways as he uses these life style choices in his life throughout The Crucible. John Proctor is a good man in a world plagued with evil. This final quote sums up the man that was John Proctor, â€Å"It is rare for people to be asked the question which puts them squarely in front of themselves†.

The Thing in the Forest

Containing all the well-known signs of a fairy tale from the beginning, The Thing in the Forest is expected to include the fantasy aspect of a fairy tale. Unlike most fairy tales however, The Think in the Forest quickly turns into a very real occurrence that happened to children all over that particular region during that particular time period. Once the girls come within earshot, and then sight of â€Å"The Thing†, it takes on many figurative meanings. These meanings include everything from the war and all it entitled, to the girls leaving their innocence and becoming affected by the war.The story includes two little girls as the main characters, yet Primrose, the one who later in life becomes a story teller, is assumed to be the narrator throughout the story. Primrose is â€Å"Plump and blond and curly†¦ [She] had bitten nails, a velvet collar on her dressy green coat. † (353). Interestingly, the narrator (Primrose), who is made slightly greedy from her experienc es during the war, goes into grave detail of her clothing. The â€Å"dressy† clothing holds no real value, and is only added into the story because it holds some sort of personal value to the narrator.Also, describing Primrose as â€Å"plump† is about the nicest way to describe and overweight child. It becomes evident from the first description of Primrose that she is favored by the narrator. Penny is different than Primrose in almost every way. â€Å"Penny was thin and dark and taller, possibly older than Primrose†¦Penny had a bloodless transparent paleness, a touch of blue in her fine lips. †(353). Even though Penny becomes a much more established person compared to Primrose later in life, how Penny is described isn’t nearly as positive as the description of Primrose.With the well detailed description of what Primrose was wearing, it would be expected that what Penny was wearing would be told. These details are never brought to light. This missing information proves that the narrator has a much stronger attachment to Primrose than Penny. The two girls are completely different in terms of personality traits, still they do have some things in common. They both lost their fathers. â€Å" Penny’s farther, †¦died in a sheet of flame in the East Indian Docks†¦Primrose’s farther†¦was killed, very late in the war, on a crowded troop carrier sunk in the Far East† (358).While both their fathers were killed, the ways in which they were killed are just another example of how different Penny and Primrose are. With one being killed by fire and one being killed by water, the natural forces could not be any more dissimilar. â€Å"The Thing† is also something that they both have in common. They both hear it. They both smell it. They both see it. â€Å"A sound and a smell fabricated of many disparate sounds and smells. A crunching, a crackling, a crushing, a heavy thumping† (356).The sounds hea rd by the little girls is the very essence of war. The sound of troops and machinery crushing everything in their way. These sounds are the very sounds that they were sent away from. â€Å"Its face†¦appeared like a rubbery or fleshy mask over a shapeless sprouting bulb of a head. Its expression was neither wrath nor greed but pure misery. †(357). This is the face of war. The rubbery gas masks worn by troops. For almost all, war is pure misery. Not just for the military’s fighting, but for everyone. The girls were sent away to preserve their innocence.Once they ran into the woods, they ran from their innocence and became aware of the war around them. After seeing â€Å"The Thing†, the girls become separated and live very different lives. Just as they started out as completely different people, they continue to live as completely different people. The war did impact them both in similar ways, â€Å"They both never married. † (358). Both Penny and Primr ose choose careers that were influence by the war, but both the careers fit their personalities. Even without the war, they would have probably both chosen careers along the same guidelines.The fact they neither of them married is something that the war probably changed. War has the power to give people something in common who would otherwise have nothing in common. â€Å"The Thing† is everything evil about the war from the understanding of two little girls. They didn’t know exactly what this evilness was, but they did know that it was evil. The story also completes a circle. Starting with a story and ending with the story starting again. How the war influence these girls continues to be passed on through Primrose, the story teller. The Thing in the Forest Containing all the well-known signs of a fairy tale from the beginning, The Thing in the Forest is expected to include the fantasy aspect of a fairy tale. Unlike most fairy tales however, The Think in the Forest quickly turns into a very real occurrence that happened to children all over that particular region during that particular time period. Once the girls come within earshot, and then sight of â€Å"The Thing†, it takes on many figurative meanings. These meanings include everything from the war and all it entitled, to the girls leaving their innocence and becoming affected by the war.The story includes two little girls as the main characters, yet Primrose, the one who later in life becomes a story teller, is assumed to be the narrator throughout the story. Primrose is â€Å"Plump and blond and curly†¦ [She] had bitten nails, a velvet collar on her dressy green coat. † (353). Interestingly, the narrator (Primrose), who is made slightly greedy from her experienc es during the war, goes into grave detail of her clothing. The â€Å"dressy† clothing holds no real value, and is only added into the story because it holds some sort of personal value to the narrator.Also, describing Primrose as â€Å"plump† is about the nicest way to describe and overweight child. It becomes evident from the first description of Primrose that she is favored by the narrator. Penny is different than Primrose in almost every way. â€Å"Penny was thin and dark and taller, possibly older than Primrose†¦Penny had a bloodless transparent paleness, a touch of blue in her fine lips. †(353). Even though Penny becomes a much more established person compared to Primrose later in life, how Penny is described isn’t nearly as positive as the description of Primrose.With the well detailed description of what Primrose was wearing, it would be expected that what Penny was wearing would be told. These details are never brought to light. This missing information proves that the narrator has a much stronger attachment to Primrose than Penny. The two girls are completely different in terms of personality traits, still they do have some things in common. They both lost their fathers. â€Å" Penny’s farther, †¦died in a sheet of flame in the East Indian Docks†¦Primrose’s farther†¦was killed, very late in the war, on a crowded troop carrier sunk in the Far East† (358).While both their fathers were killed, the ways in which they were killed are just another example of how different Penny and Primrose are. With one being killed by fire and one being killed by water, the natural forces could not be any more dissimilar. â€Å"The Thing† is also something that they both have in common. They both hear it. They both smell it. They both see it. â€Å"A sound and a smell fabricated of many disparate sounds and smells. A crunching, a crackling, a crushing, a heavy thumping† (356).The sounds hea rd by the little girls is the very essence of war. The sound of troops and machinery crushing everything in their way. These sounds are the very sounds that they were sent away from. â€Å"Its face†¦appeared like a rubbery or fleshy mask over a shapeless sprouting bulb of a head. Its expression was neither wrath nor greed but pure misery. †(357). This is the face of war. The rubbery gas masks worn by troops. For almost all, war is pure misery. Not just for the military’s fighting, but for everyone. The girls were sent away to preserve their innocence.Once they ran into the woods, they ran from their innocence and became aware of the war around them. After seeing â€Å"The Thing†, the girls become separated and live very different lives. Just as they started out as completely different people, they continue to live as completely different people. The war did impact them both in similar ways, â€Å"They both never married. † (358). Both Penny and Primr ose choose careers that were influence by the war, but both the careers fit their personalities. Even without the war, they would have probably both chosen careers along the same guidelines.The fact they neither of them married is something that the war probably changed. War has the power to give people something in common who would otherwise have nothing in common. â€Å"The Thing† is everything evil about the war from the understanding of two little girls. They didn’t know exactly what this evilness was, but they did know that it was evil. The story also completes a circle. Starting with a story and ending with the story starting again. How the war influence these girls continues to be passed on through Primrose, the story teller.

The Fugitive Slave Act essays

The Fugitive Slave Act essays As the evolution of this report on Fugitive Slave Act goes into progression you will learn about what this act changed in the world we live in today. This report will help you understand what differences this Act bought forth to the nation in a whole. I will cover plenty of aspects to make up what the Fugitive Slave Act stood for. On January 29, 1850, the 70-year-old Clay presented a compromise. For eight months members of Congress, led by Clay, Daniel Webster, Senator from Massachusetts, and John C. Calhoun, senator from South Carolina, debated the compromise. With the help of Stephen Douglas, a young Democrat from Illinois, a series of bills that would make up the compromise were ushered through Congress. The Fugitive Slave Act was created in 1850 as a part of groups of laws. Those laws were in reference to the Compromise of 1850. It was created in the compromise that antislavery advocated to the gain of California to be as a free state. The group of laws that were created mandated the return of runaway slaves, regardless of where in the Union they might be situated at the time of their discovery or capture.(Foner)Along with the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the ratification of Kansas' admission for free statehood; this legislation is part of the chain of events which culminated in the American Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act stated that slavery question would be decided by popular sovereignty. In addition, Fugitive Slave Act prohibited slave-trading in the District of Columbia and also required that the citizens be assistants in the recovery of fugitive slaves. It also denied a fugitive's right to a jury trial. Ironically, the passage of this law grew great resentment by the abolitionists. The abolitionists detested the law because majority of the Americans embraced the law. The reason this act was created to free slaves and make abolitionists resolve their differences and put an end to slavery. Even though it was ...

The Best Strategy to Cure Your Marketing Team Collaboration Woes

The Best Strategy to Cure Your Marketing Team Collaboration Woes Marketing teams have it tough. You’re one of the few departments that are expected to have a pulse on what every other department in the company is up to. From sales to support you need to be plugged in to understand what’s working, what isn’t, and how to improve. BUT, how are you supposed to master cross-department collaboration when your own marketing team is struggling to collaborate amongst themselves? Wouldn’t it be nice if everyone on your team, regardless of specialty, knew what was on tap and how they could contribute to each other’s success? Yes, it would. Contrary to popular belief, it’s not impossible. Here are the best, best practice tips for improving your marketing team’s collaboration. The Best Strategy to Cure Your Marketing Team Collaboration WoesWhy It’s So Hard for Marketing Teams to Collaborate Silos are a big problem for marketing teams. We’ve got Content Marketing, Public Relations, SEM, Social Media, Marketing Automation, the list goes on. And each of these specialties has their own sub-department, which makes collaboration even more challenging. If you’re a Marketing Manager, you’re painfully aware that these silios cause major problems. Poor collaboration is likely causing†¦ †¦ missed deadlines †¦ underperforming campaigns †¦ last minute fire drills †¦ and tension between your team members. However, there is hope. With a bit of bravery, leadership, and a solid strategy in place, you can overcome these silos and start collaborating better. How to Improve Your Marketing Team Collaboration It’s clear that  *a lot* of marketing teams struggle to stay on the same page. But what are you supposed to do about it? *A lot* of marketing teams struggle to stay on the same page. Heres how to fix it.Set Clear Goals Wait†¦ what? You’re probably a little confused since this is a post about marketing team collaboration, not one about KPIs. But hear me out on this one†¦ You’d be surprised how many marketing teams have conflicting goals and no idea how their individual KPIs fit within the company’s wider strategy. In fact, 29% of respondents included in this study  said they found no clear relation between their role and the overarching company strategy. Each team/individual should undoubtedly have their own KPIs, but there should be clear and consistent communication regarding how these are all working together towards a common goal. Here’s an example: Company’s main goal:  $50 million in sales by 2020 Public Relations goal: Reach 2 million people per month Content Marketing’s goal: Bring in 10,000 prospects per month Paid Search goal:  $5 $8 ROAS Marketing Automation goal: Convert 15% of prospects into customers Simply giving everyone a clear idea of where the company is heading and how each team’s KPIs help contribute can lay the foundation for good collaboration. Sometimes it helps to have a visual to get everyone on the same page. Here’s an example of how everyone’s goals fit into the marketing funnel and contribute to the company’s overall goal. Improve Communication Research  shows that improving your team’s communication can increase productivity by a whopping 25%. Improving your team’s communication can increase productivity by a whopping 25%.Sounds great, right? But communication barriers are one of the biggest hurdles for any team to overcome. Why is communication so challenging? Here are a few theories Firstly, marketers rely on outdated technology like spreadsheets to manage project plans, due dates, and tasks. These spreadsheets spiral out of control and leave you wanting to wipe the slate clean and start fresh†¦ so you do. And it works for a while, but the spreadsheet inevitably returns to mass chaos. Secondly, each team has hacked together a way to manage their own projects without a central, cross-team tool. This exacerbates the silo effect. Responsibilities and daily tasks become murky because they are managed across multiple tools. No one knows what they should prioritize nor when things are due. And there are a ton of meetings to try to figure it all out. (Fun fact: An astonishing 62% of marketers say wasteful meetings get in the way of their work.) Yikes. So how can you improve the communication of your marketing team?

Breaking The Cycle of Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Breaking The Cycle of Teenage Pregnancy - Essay Example Programs related to reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy will be examined along with their effectiveness. Based on the analysis of all the data collected and programs to in place recommendations for needed programming will be discussed. Alternate options available to preganant teens will be discussed as well. A million teenÐ °ge women become pregnÐ °nt in the United StÐ °tes every yeÐ °r, the vÐ °st mÐ °jority unintentionÐ °lly. Ð lthough the rÐ °te of teenÐ °ge pregnÐ °ncy hÐ °s increÐ °sed drÐ °mÐ °ticÐ °lly Ð °mong Ð °ll teens since the eÐ °rly 1970s, Ð °mong sexuÐ °lly Ð °ctive Ð °dolescents, pregnÐ °ncy rÐ °tes hÐ °ve Ð °ctuÐ °lly decreÐ °sed 19% over the lÐ °st two decÐ °des. This decline in pregnÐ °ncy Ð °mong sexuÐ °lly Ð °ctive teens is due in lÐ °rge pÐ °rt to better use of contrÐ °ceptives. Recent estimÐ °tes show thÐ °t Ð °pproximÐ °tely 12% of Ð °ll teenÐ °ge girls (Ð °ged 15-19) become pregnÐ °nt eÐ °ch yeÐ °r, whereÐ °s 21% of those who hÐ °ve hÐ °d sexuÐ °l intercourse (Ð °ged 15-19) become pregnÐ °nt Ð °nnuÐ °lly (Ð lÐ °n GuttmÐ °cher Institute, 2003). RegÐ °rding births resulting from teenÐ °ge pregnÐ °ncies, the percentÐ °ge of teenÐ °ge women who gÐ °ve birth rose Ð °lmost 19% from 2000 to 2002 (the lÐ °st yeÐ °r for which stÐ °tistics Ð °re currently Ð °vÐ °ilÐ °ble; Ð lÐ °n GuttmÐ °cher Institute, 2003). The Ð °bortion rÐ °te Ð °mong teens hÐ °s remÐ °ined fÐ °irly stÐ °ble since the lÐ °te 1970s, with Ð °pproximÐ °tely 43 teens per 1,000 opting for Ð °bortion. However, over thÐ °t sÐ °me time period, Ð °bortion rÐ °tes hÐ °ve declined steÐ °dily Ð °mong sexuÐ °lly experienced Ð °dolescent women, both becÐ °use Ð ° lower proportion of teenÐ °gers becÐ °me pregnÐ °nt Ð °nd becÐ °use Ð ° lower proportion of pregnÐ °nt teenÐ °gers choose to hÐ °ve Ð °n Ð °bortion. RÐ °ciÐ °l differences exist in both the prevÐ °lence of Ð °dolescent pregnÐ °ncy Ð °nd Ð °dolescent childbeÐ °ring. For exÐ °mple, BlÐ °ck teenÐ °gers hÐ °ve historicÐ °lly hÐ °d Ð ° higher pregnÐ °ncy rÐ °te thÐ °n their HispÐ °nic Ð °nd White peers: 19% of Ð °ll BlÐ °ck

Tchaikovsky and Women in Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tchaikovsky and Women in Art - Essay Example This ballet is a fairy tale story. The music accompanied within this ballet is believed to be one of Tchaikovsky’s best creations as it is a combination of Russian and western music influences, while the subject matter is that of poetry in motion (Kisselgoff 1). Enthusiasm and warmth were the motivations behind writing the piece. In addition, sleeping beauty has been the second most popular ballet of the imperial production and has been performed 200 times in 10 years. Art during the 18th and 19th century had no room for female painter. During that period, professional recognition and art education remained unequal and separate to that of their male counterparts. It was not until the subsequent half of the 19th century that women artists made significant progress, especially in France and in turn, art schools opened up their doors to women. While in the United States women, artists gradually became noticeable by way of winning awards (nmwa 1). They began to take part in exhibitions, and started teaching. In addition, they also began to travel overseas while their works acted as conduits for printmaking, new styles of painting and photography. Tchaikovsky is one of the most treasured composers in history. A master artisan of orchestration and melody, his composition was astonishing and his musical styles ranged from concertos to ballet scores and symphonies, and he was able to write and portray detailed moods and feelings. His works were legendary. He surely was the greatest master of classical ballet. Tchaikovsky achieved huge popularity with a broad audience, mainly through his emotional

Assessing Risk perception and Insurane Knowledge in Accra, Ghana Literature review

Assessing Risk perception and Insurane Knowledge in Accra, Ghana - Literature review Example Conventional policies have been used even though they are not necessary because the crisis in the Ghanaian insurance industry is not as acute as in some African countries. This has made a majority of the people in this city to participate in large scale asset purchasing and other business ventures with the aim of achieving stabilization in their lives and creation of employment (Buatsi, 2002). It has encouraged these individuals to turn towards the acquisition of insurance policies because of the risks involved in the diverse number of businesses that they are involved in despite the fact that the government policies that have been employed have created significant amounts of uncertainty with regards to their effectiveness hence proving the fact that its policies are not farsighted (Chalfin, 2008). One important channel that has come to affect the insurance policies is the currency value and much evidence shows that the depreciation of the currency value over the history of the count ry has tended to discourage individuals from subscribing for different insurance policies. The insurance policies in Ghana have been made in a manner that is relatively predictable and in asystematic way, the methods of advertising to the public by insurance companies has provided the latter with the necessary knowledge to know what type of policies to select for themselves. The key factors in these policies were aimed at being short term interest rates, and exchange rates together with monetary aggregates that could undergo adjustments in a free manner. One reason why many individuals choose to take insurance policies in this city is not necessarily to secure themselves against any potential losses but as a form of investment where they tend to put their spare money into what they consider to be worthwhile investments (Anim-Odame, 2012). Market expectations may also be considered to be a reason why individuals choose to purchase insurance policies because they believe that if anyth ing happens to the property which they have insured, then they will be able to recover it in a short time span from the insurance company. When normal rigidities in the insurance sector occur, changes in normal returns have an effect on the number of people who are interested in insuring themselves and this has over time been reflected in the economic decisions that were real which included investments and consumptions, as individuals opt to undertake lesser risks rather than purchase insurance policies. This has been observed to have an effect on the insurance sector as insurance companies compete to ensure that they attract a larger clientele than their rivals through the offering of insurance packages which are likely to encourage unlikely insurance policy purchasers to do so. While this has been the case in Accra, one of the biggest effects in the market was the global financial crisis which in the past few years has come to challenge the insurance industry of Ghana in three dif ferent ways. These have come to include financial disruptions that are wide spread, broke arbitrage conditions which hinders policy transmission on the yield curve; there is the presence of heightened vulnerability that leads to freezing of the markets, this is because there is the presence of self-fulfilling equillibria that is badly coordinated, and lastly there is severe recession that pushes the

Effects On Prisons On Inmates Essay Example for Free

Effects On Prisons On Inmates Essay In the premodern times, societies used to mutilate bodies and cut off the heads of their culprits as a way of punishing the wrongdoers. However through a series of imperceptible measures of reform and development, punishment became less physical and less directed to the body of the offenders as people became more civilized and the prisons replaced the gallows. They stopped locking up the insane in asylums and began forms of treatment in institutions which had features of both hospitals and prisons, (Alan Gary 4). In most parts of the world, it is taken that a person convicted of serious crime should be sent to prison. Countries like the U.S, where capital punishment has not yet been abolished, a small but significant number of people are sentenced to death for what is especially considered as grave crimes, (Angela 3). The condition of prisons in the past was a nightmare to both the country as well as the society as they were damp, dark, and noisy. Prison wardens were brutal, poor diet and miserable portions of food were given to prisoners who were usually dressed in rags and suffered from many diseases which were not treated in time resulting to poor heath of the inmates. All these inhuman acts were however viewed by the wardens as a way of punishment to prisoners and therefore the prisons lacked a sense of reformation and charity as brutal acts were directed to inmates. According to (Thomas 602), Inmates who entered prison capable of moral improvement went back in to the society as impure, hardened and irreclaimable persons as there was no separation of sexes, classification of age and character therefore the convicted felon corrupted the untried and innocent prisoners. The unfortunate According to (Douglas Eric 2004), military officers in Iraq used dogs to intimidate prisoners. This was one of the several tactics they adopted even without approval from their seniors. They set strict limits on Red Cross access to prisoners and delayed them and accused them of, unannounced visit to the cellblock where the worst abuses occurred. There were also unreported incidents in which Iraq prisoners died after being questioned by American interrogators. Initially, imprisonment was based on punishing wrongdoers by inflicting suffering of the body. However, today’s imprisonment is not only an acute form of corporal punishment, but as a way of working on a persons mind and body through three areas which include: punishment, deterrence and rehabilitation. Prisons are intended to allow the society remove criminals from them place them into an institution for reformation, persuade them to avoid activities which are not beneficial, and in time become productive and law abiding citizens. However this well thought plan is not put in place due to the bad experiences in prisons hence the initial meaning of prisons is not realized by the society.   The main objectives and responsibilities of prisons are to safeguard inmates and maintain and improve welfare of everyone in it. Safe guarding involves keeping inmates locked away and controlled while having moments of recreation, education and counseling. However, it should be realized that psychological freedom depends on relations with others and that it is what the prisoners experience in this world, attain satisfaction and avoid its detrimental effects and not the education or counseling that decide how, if ever, they will emerge hence life imprisonment of an inmate does not add to his becoming upright. It should therefore be remembered that offenders are drawn from societies where possessions are related to personal worth unlike in prison where they are reduced to a level of bare possessions. Lockups, isolation, condemnation and rejection dehumanize prisoners resulting to psychological discomforts to prisoners. A Prisons aim is to cure and straighten the bad behaviors of criminals, however their record has not been encouraging and instead they are found to do more harm than good as the pains of jail confinement affect all prisoners in different negative ways most of which destroy a person instead of reforming his or her past bad behavior. The need to quickly adapt to prison life and withstand prison shock, exposure to a new culture and maintain outside links like keeping in contact with family and friends becomes frustrating to prisoners. The prisoners must therefore determine their way of passing time which affects the great deal and this end up affecting them psychologically. (Tosh 43). All these question the practice of life imprisonment of people since instead of reforming them they end up becoming worse both in their behaviors and their psychological status. Prisons therefore should be opposed to the idea of locking up people for the rest of their lives to avoid more harm than good to them. (Alison 14-19), came up with several negative effects on prisoners as a result of imprisonment which therefore opposes the idea of life imprisonment. First is that imprisonment can be detrimental both to physical and mental health of prisoners particularly with regard to long term and aged prisoners. Though many prisoners receive medical treatment in prison that would be unavailable to them outside, the health risk of imprisonment are high, uneven and specific to the condition of confinement. For instance, Scottish prisons have reported increased risk of HIV and hepatitis B and C transmission due to random sharing of injection equipment, tattooing and unprotected sexual intercourse. One study estimates showed that 36% prisoners had injected themselves intravenously and 12% had anal intercourse at least once while in prison. Post- traumatic stress is second where its psychological effects apply to certain group of prisoners who have shown symptoms of PTSD in medico-legal assessments. Such symptoms can have debilitating effect and are associated with difficulties in restoring and maintaining relationships. High level of anxiety, disturbed sleep, chronic depression, withdrawal and persistent feeling of being different from others and from previous self are described by clinicians working with former prisoners. There may also be physical symptoms like increased arousal, outbursts of anger, difficulties in concentration and hyper vigilance which are associated with increased alcohol and drug abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Davis 322) in the third effect argued that inmates’ family and dependants suffer most. Despite considerable progress in understanding immediate and long term effects of separation trauma upon children, the impact of imprisonment upon the children of prisoners includes increased behavior disturbance and later delinquency, depression and feeling of low self esteem, behavioral disturbance and deterioration in school performance. Imprisonment and distance from crime is another effect which results to informal social control which suggests that social bonds like employment and marriage may inhibit offending. The imprisonment reduces opportunities to achieve relational and economic stability and therefore increase re-offending. Imprisonment also weakens the bonds and makes them difficult to re-establish hence suffering a significant source of legitimate or law abiding behavior and therefore imprisonment becomes part of the cycle of delinquency and crime. Another effect is on imprisonment and prison staff. Power especially overuse has dehumanizing effect as the culture of masculinity characteristic of prison staff bring a range of emotions and new emotion management techniques. Some of these techniques can lead to hardening, distancing and distrust. The process of adaptation could lead to enduring changes in their character and family life to preparedness to respond to danger. Imprisonments also result to some prisoners using sexual assaults and rape to make them feel powerful. Many of them use this assault to make them feel powerful than others and also express their manhood. The victims as a result are affected psychologically by being stressed, having nightmares and resulting to criminal activities and some forms of self destructive behaviour. The main solution to all these problems is to avoid inmate staying for a very long time in prisons since they tend to be harder than before and that certainly does not cure inmates rather it makes them more aggressive. Others is by ensuring good living and health conditions for the inmates, counsel them on how to handle people and relationships within and outside the prisons especially their families, provide good counseling facilities on the negative effects of using sex as a tool to feel good and demoralize other inmates. In conclusion prisons and punishments that are given to the prisoners do not necessarily bring a positive change of behaviour.In most cases they end up destroying the person as he or she becomes immune to the situations, therefore putting a person in prison for the rest of his/her life does not ensure behavior change and should therefore opposed. WORK CITED Angela Yvonne Davis Are prisoners obsolete? Seven stories press ISBN 1583225811, 2003 Alan Hunt and Gary Wickman Sociological jurisprudence Pluto press ISBN 0745308422, 1994   Douglas Jehl and Eric Schmitt New York times 21st May 2004 Joanne Mariner and Michael Bochenek punishment before trial Human rights watch org ISBN 1564322017, 1997 Tosh John The pains of imprisonment sage publications California 1982

The Failure of Software Copyright Law Essay -- Technology Computers Pa

The Failure of Software Copyright Law A Definition With the Copyright Act of 1980, the following was added to the existing copyright laws: A "computer program" is a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer in order to bring about a certain result.1 A "program" or "software" instructs the "hardware," the computer, in its task of adding, storing, exchanging data, etc.2 At the base level, a program is simply a mathematical algorithm, a stream of on/off states, which the hardware uses. Copyright and patent law has generally excluded mathematical algorithms from legal protection due to the social benefits of their widespread dissemination.3 Software, however, is primarily protected by copyright law under the premise that an author is entitled to the financial incentive. The debate is this: "Is there a way to protect innovators without strangling further innovation?"4 The Harms of Protection Early makers of computers handed out free accompanying software particular to their machines.5 Their thought was that this would encourage the purchase of their hardware. Soon, however, software producers began to copyright their products and the result was that each computer-maker had incompatible software.6 A company with sufficient lead-time ... ... 58 West's 3d, 10.4. 59 West's Feb. '90, 308. 60 ibid., 422. 61 Menell, 1084. 62 Menell, 1088. 63 Menell, 1087. 64 Menell, 1082. 65 Menell, 1088. 66 Weigner, 137. 67 Menell, 1078. 68 Barinaga, Marcia, "Computer microcode instructions judged within copyright," Nature 16 February 1989: 591. 69 Business Week, 122. 70 Menell, 1060. 71 Hammonds, 86.

What Are the Risks of an Extended Supply Chain?

What are the risks of an extended supply chain? In order to remain competitive, a company must offer superior quality goods or services at the lowest prices possible. Supply chain enables a company to reduce the cost while increasing the efficiency. However, there are risks that are associated with such benefits. These issues should be properly addressed when a company is trying to rely heavily on supply chain management in order to stay competitive within its industry. A company is exposed to risk by sharing confidential information to its vendors.For example, Apple recently reported that arts and specs for both the iPhone 5 and the iPad mini leaked out well before their release dates. Apple accused its vendors for information leak. â€Å"Apple’s security practices are targeted marking sure US employees don’t leak stuff, but everything comes out from China now. † A company is held accountable for its vendors being socially responsible. This includes making sure that vendors do not employ minors. For example, Nestle’s cocoa supplier, Ivory Coast, failed to pass the Fair Labor Association’s inspection because it employed children to process cocoa.Nestle’s held accountable for Ivory Coast’s violation of FLA, it will seriously damage the company’s image as well as its profits. While a proper supply chain management produces cost effective products, there is a setback as it is difficult to quality control products that a vendor produces from oversea. For example, in 2007, Toys R Us vendor Mattel produced 83 products containing lead based paint, which is hazardous to health. Consequently, Toys R Us had to recall 967,000 affected toys from reaching consumers. A natural disaster or political instability of a vendor’s country could affect a company’s operation.For example, Dallas-based Texas Instruments said late Monday that it had suffered substantial damage to its production plant in Miho, Japan an d slight damage to its Aizu-wakamatsu plant. Both facilities are located north of Tokyo in the areas most affected by the disaster. The company makes silicon wafers at its Miho plant, which are the thin pieces of silicon glass used to manufacture microchips. In conclusion, for those companies that rely heavily on extended supply chain management to remain lucrative should consider the following strategies to avoid the risks mentioned above.First, a company should have more flexibility. Flexibility, in this context, means that a company should incorporate a vendor-auditing program to make sure that it is meeting your standard. Second, a company should only share non-confidential information to its vendors to prevent them from compromising vital information. Lastly, a company should have multiple vendors to run a project in case one vendor fails to complete the project on timely manner. These are the key preventive strategy to avoid or mitigate the risks of a supply chain management.

At universities and colleges Essay

In today’s society, a large number of the students in universities and colleges have less physical exercise than ever before and hardly go out of the campus to have some social activities. Many people argue that students pay more attention to the study than their health which may because they[SQQ1] do not get enough financial support. As to this problem, I hold the opinion that sports and social activities are just the same significant as classes and libraries and receiving equal financial support can have many benefits though it still has some shortages[SQQ2]. In what follows, I will illustrate my point of view. First of all, today’s students need to face more challenges which means they specially should have a better body[SQQ3] to fight for their future. Enough sports and social activities can help them become healthy not only physically but also mentally. As we can see, some of the students in universities choose to end their own lives because of their pressure on scores or other things and we can easily find most of these students hardly do exercise and even never go out to do social activities such as volunteer work. If this part of the students can regard sports and social activities quite important, they may have a healthier psychology and may not end their own life[SQQ4]. Secondly, if the universities can give sports and activities equal financial support as classes and libraries and build up enough gyms and exercise areas, it can be more convenient for students to keep fit. Because of the schools’ support, the students do not need to go out of the school to do social activities and they can find more chances in school campus like joining the school’s Red Cross to visit the local welfare center for children. Also, the increasing sports place can even bring students the convenience to do any sports any time they like. However, it can still have several disadvantages. For example, the schools  may have less money than before to support students’ study which means the school may invite less famous professors from all over the world to make speech for students. In conclusion, I hold the view that sports and social activities should be regarded as important as classes and libraries and should also get the same large amount of financial support which can help the students have a healthy body physically and mentally. These two facto

More Names of Plants, Food, and Drinks Formed by Folk Etymology

More Names of Plants, Food, and Drinks Formed by Folk Etymology More Names of Plants, Food, and Drinks Formed by Folk Etymology More Names of Plants, Food, and Drinks Formed by Folk Etymology By Mark Nichol This post lists words derived from words in other languages as a result of folk etymology, a process by which speakers adopt the foreign terms after revising them by using existing elements from their native language. acorn: This word is descended from the Old English term aecerne, meaning â€Å"tree nut† but originally referring in various forms in Germanic languages to the trunk of a tree; by folk etymology, the current spelling derived from a false association with ac (â€Å"oak†) and corn (â€Å"grain†). (The word is, however, related to acre.) ketchup/catsup: Ketchup, which stems from various spellings of a Malay word probably based on the Chinese term koechiap, meaning â€Å"brine of fish,† originally referred to a fish sauce but now generally pertains to the tomato-based condiment; the word became a catch-all term for a variety of sauces and gravies, of which the most predominant in the United States, by the early nineteenth century, was tomato based. The variant catchup was eventually altered, perhaps from the influence of sup, to catsup, but ketchup predominates. chestnut: The name of a type of tree, the wood harvested from it, and the edible nut it produces stems from the Latin term castanea (probably itself borrowed from a language of Asia Minor) by way of Old French and Middle English. By the early 1500s, it was (redundantly) called a chesten nut; that word developed into the current form. couch grass: This term for various types of grass has nothing to do with furniture. The word couch, and variants quack, quitch, twitch, and witch, are all corruptions of the Old English word cwice, meaning â€Å"alive† and also the forebear of quick, meaning â€Å"alive† in addition to its primary sense of â€Å"fast† (as in the phrase â€Å"the quick and the dead,† which alludes to contrasting states of being). dogwood: The first element of these names for various trees and shrubs and wood produced by dogwood trees, and the berries they produce, has nothing to do with canines; dogwood is a corruption of dagwood, with the same first element as dagger. (The very hard wood of the tree was used for making arrows and skewers.) gin: Gin, the name for a liquor flavored with juniper berries, is a truncation of genever, related to the Old French term genià ©vre and the Dutch word jenever, all of which derive from the Latin word juniperus. gingerbread: The name of the molasses- and ginger-based confection has nothing to do with bread; the term derives from the Old French word gingembrat, a variation of gimgembre, meaning â€Å"ginger.† Gingembrat, and its Middle English derivation gingebred, referred originally to a ginger paste used both in cooking and medicine. gooseberry: This shrub and its berry have no association with waterfowl; the first element may be a corruption of the Old French term grosele or the German word Krausebeere. jerky: The name of the dried meat is from the word ch’arki, from Quechua, the language of the Incas, by way of the American Spanish term charqui, meaning â€Å"jerked meat.† (Jerked means â€Å"sun-dried.†) Jerusalem artichoke: The name of this sunflower and its edible tubers has no association with the Middle Eastern city; the first word is a corruption of the Italian term girasole (â€Å"sunflower†). (The second element of that word, which was adopted directly into English, is from the Latin word sol, meaning â€Å"sun.†) rosemary: The name of this herb has nothing to do with the rose or the name Mary; it is a corruption of rosmarine, from the Latin term rosmarinus, meaning â€Å"dew of the sea,† alluding to the flourishing of the plant near coasts. (Marinus, from which marine is derived, means â€Å"from the sea.†) sandalwood: Various types of wood have been used to make sandals, but sandalwood is not one of them. Sandal, in this word, derives from the Sanskrit term Ä andana-m, which may have alluded to its use for burning incense. (That Sanskrit word, which passed through Greek, Latin, Old French, and Middle English in various forms, may be related to the Latin word candere, meaning â€Å"glow† or â€Å"shine,† from which candle is descended.) shamrock: There’s no connection between the clover and the notion of a fake stone; shamrock is merely the Anglicized spelling of the Irish word seamrog. spare rib: This term for a cut of pork ribs alludes to its scarcity of fat, but the source is the Middle Low German word ribbesper; sper meant â€Å"spear† or â€Å"spit† and referred to the method of roasting the meat on a spit. (Spear, spar, and spire are all related.) (This post is a sequel to a previous post.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Abstract Nouns from Adjectives50 Tips on How to Write Good

20 Biology Essay Topics What to Discuss about Alfred Russel Wallace vs Charles Darwin

20 Biology Essay Topics What to Discuss about Alfred Russel Wallace vs Charles Darwin If you are tasked with writing a controversial essay on the topic of Alfred Russell Wallace versus Charles Darwin, it is important that you pick a controversial topic about which you can substantiate an argumentative paper. If you are having any difficulties finding the perfect topic, look over the list of 20 topics below: Apply Wallace’s Idea in an Animal Species of Your Choosing That Variation in Animal Species Is Indicative of the Necessary Changes The Impact of Darwin’s Work on His Colleagues How Publishing Books Compares to Publishing Articles in Academic Journals (is Darwin better known around the world then and today because he published multiple books widely available to the masses, or would he have been less famous if he followed in the footsteps of Wallace and published only academic journal articles for those within his field?) How Darwin Influenced His Field Compared to How Wallace’s Impact What Impact Can the Length of Time Have on Biological Studies? (comparing the notes by Wallace and Darwin from Brazil, and the amount of time each spent there) â€Å"The Descent of Man† and the Impact It Continues to Have Today The Formal Education: Wallace vs Darwin Did Darwin Steal Wallace’s Theory of Natural Selection? â€Å"The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals† and the Impact It Had at the Time of Its Publication The Comparison of Two Different Adaptations Made by Two Species Living in Different Ecosystems (e.g. the development of improved hearing and the loss of eyesight for lizards that dwell in pitch black caves in South America compared to now-land-based species which have grown larger eyeballs since emerging from their prehistoric ocean-based counterpart) How Important Is Formal Education? (Wallace didn’t get formal education) Why Both Wallace and Darwin Discovered the Theory of Natural Selection Independently but Only One is Referred to Today How Wallace’s Concept That Each Part of an Animal’s Organization Can Be Modified as Necessary to an Exact Specification to Prevent Extinction Can be Applied to People Living in Space The Events Which Caused Wallace to Go from Being the Most Famous Biologist around the World at the Time of His Death, to be Overshadowed After Why â€Å"Darwin Theory of Evolution† Today Changed from Its Original â€Å"The Darwin-Wallace Theory of Evolution† The Theory of Evolution and What Evidence Is Presented to Support It â€Å"The Power of Movement in Plants† and How It Is Relevant Today Why Do Certain Organizations Continue to Ignore the Theory of Natural Selection and Evolution? The Importance of Information Presented by Both Wallace and Darwin in Today’s World The Impact That the Findings of either Wallace or Darwin Has Had on Other Fields Beyond Biology Sample Essay: Theories of Evolution and Natural Selection The Theory of Evolution and that of Natural Selection were proposed in 1859 and have since remained ignored by individual sections of society. Certain organizations continue to ignore the theory of natural selection and evolution because of its conflict with their personal beliefs. This is something namely associated with religious organizations, as many of Darwin’s counterparts accepted his beliefs after a few decades. Charles Darwin published his book on the idea of natural selection and the theory of origins in 1859. This book details how every species originates from common ancestors and how each species has the unique ability to adapt itself over time to existing environments. Traits which are no longer viable to the overall survival of a species are eventually removed from the genetic code of the species, replaced by more desirable traits. Upon publishing this information, many scientific members of the community did not agree with all of the information being presented. It took decades for all members of the educated and scientific communities to come around to acceptance, something which took place after substantial review of the data and evidence Darwin presented. Upon confirmation that he was not the only one to present such findings, this theory was widely accepted. Darwin began to discuss the implication of these findings with other communities, such as philosophers and religious leaders. Then, as it remains today, many religious units fail to accept the theory of evolution in the face of substantial scientific evidence. Certain religious groups, such as those following Ken Hamm, do not accept the theory or the evidence because they claim the scientific method itself to be flawed, to be a unique way of testing data which they do not accept. Other religious groups such as Protestant followers do not accept the theory of evolution or natural selection because it implies that all beings originate from the same ancestor and in the book of Genesis in the Old Testament, there are verses which state that it was a deity who created a list of species one day after the next, and not that all species came from one another. For this reason, many groups refuse today to accept the scientifically proven results presented by Darwin. References Darwin, Charles, Frederick Burkhardt, and Duncan M. Porter.  The Correspondence of Charles Darwin. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Darwin, Charles.  More letters of Charles Darwin: a record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. Vol. 2. D. Appleton, 1903. Darwin, Charles, Paul Ekman, and Phillip Prodger.  The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Oxford University Press, USA, 1998. Spruce, Richard, and Alfred Russel Wallace.  Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Wallace, Alfred Russel.  The geographical distribution of animals: with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the earths surface. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, 2011. Wallace, Alfred Russel, and James Marchant.  Alfred Russel Wallace: letters and reminiscences. Harper, 1916. Wallace, Alfred Russel, and Sir James Marchant.  Alfred Russel Wallace. Cassell, Limited, 1916.

The Most Common North American Spruces

The Most Common North American Spruces A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the earth. In North America, there are 8 important spruce species most important to the  timber trade, the Christmas tree industry and to landscapers. Spruce trees grow at either high altitudes in the southern Appalachians to New England or at higher latitudes in Canada and the higher elevations of Pacific coastal mountains and the Rocky Mountains. Red spruce occupies the Appalachians into upper Northeastern states and provinces. White and blue spruce trees mainly grow throughout most of Canada. Englemann spruce, blue spruce, and Sitka  spruce are native to the western states and Canadian provinces.   Note: Norway spruce is a common non-native European tree that has been extensively planted and has naturalized in North America. They are primarily found in areas of the Northeast, the Great Lake States and Southeastern Canada and the best are cut for New York Citys Rockefeller  Center annual Christmas Tree. Identification of the Common North American Spruce Trees Spruces are large trees and can be distinguished by their whorled branches where needles radiate equally in all directions around the branch (and look very much like a bristle brush). The needles of spruce trees are attached singly to the branches sometimes in a spiral fashion. On firs, there is  a distinct lack of needles on the bottom side of its  twig, unlike spruces that carry needles in a whirl all around the twig. In true firs, the base of each needle is attached to a twig by a structure that looks like a suction cup.   On the other hand, each spruce needle is situated on a small peg-like structure called a pulvinus. This  structure will remain on the branch after the needle drops and will have a rough texture to the touch. The needles (with the exception of Sitka spruce) under magnification are clearly four-sided, four-angled and with four whitish stripe line. The cones of spruce are oblong and cylindrical that tend to be attached to limbs mostly at the top of the trees. Fir trees also have similar looking  cones,  primarily at the top, but tend  to stand upright where spruce hangs downward. These cones do not drop and disintegrate attached to the tree twig.   The Common North American Spruce Red spruceColorado blue spruceBlack spruceWhite spruceSitka spruceEnglemann spruce More on Spruce Trees Spruces, like firs, have absolutely no insect or decay resistance when exposed to the outside environment. Therefore, the wood  is generally recommended for indoor housing use, for sheltered support framing and in furniture for cheaper structural construction. It is also used when pulped to make bleached softwood kraft. Spruce is considered to be a significant North American timber product and the timber trade gives it names like SPF (spruce, pine, fir) and whitewood. Spruce wood is used for many purposes, ranging from general construction work and crates to highly specialized uses in wooden aircraft. The  Wright brothers first aircraft, the  Flyer, was built of spruce. Spruces are popular ornamental trees in the  horticultural landscaping trade and enjoyed  for their evergreen, symmetrical narrow-conic growth habit. For the same reason, non-native  Norway spruce is also extensively used as  Christmas trees. The Most Common North American Conifer List Bald cypress  - Genus  TaxodiumCedar  - Genus  CedrusDouglas Fir  - Genus  PseudotsugaTrue Fir  - Genus  AbiesHemlock  - Genus  TsugaLarch  - Genus  LarixPine  - Genus  PinusRedwood  - Genus  SequoiaSpruce  - Genus  Picea

Week4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week4 - Essay Example The above firms’ intellectual properties are patents, trademarks and other trade secrets like product design more so in relation to Covidien. These go a long way in protecting the companies’ production and innovations. BioMarin is heavily guarded by these intellectual properties as it deals with a tighter environment which is about chemical compositions, discoveries and developments. Factors considered in determining intellectual properties range from the type of products or services that the firms deal in and the nature of the industry according to Lindberg (2008). As earlier mentioned BioMarin is in the drug manufacturing arena which has stiff intellectual property rules and regulations. Each brand’s trademark needs to be well guarded as well as its chemical composition. For Covidien, the design of the surgical products is more important to patent. This is because a design is there for all to see and another firm may adopt it altogether if not lawfully guarded. Intellectual properties are quite expensive to acquire and maintain. This is more so in respect to health related products. Lindberg (2008) states that huge amount of time and resources are poured into research so as to come up with a unique product and to have such a product patented and inserted as a trademark. In the current global market place and intensified competition, stiffer environment is in the offing for entrepreneurs wishing to start operations. Firms are facing challenges which there before were not as huge as today making the contemporary market place a huge challenge to overcome. One of these is stiffer laws on copyrights, patenting and other intellectual property factors says Reynolds (2007). Due to increased competition firms are finding it prudent to have their products protected and this has become a huge requirement. As mentioned earlier, the entrepreneur will need to cough more and spend more time in these